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BRIEF REVIEWS |
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
A renaissance in the autophagy field has illuminated many areas of biology, and infectious disease is no exception. By identifying key components of this broadly conserved membrane traffic pathway, yeast geneticists generated tools for microbiologists and immunologists to explore whether autophagy contributes to host defenses. As a result, autophagy is now recognized to be another barrier confronted by microbes that invade eukaryotic cells. Mounting evidence also indicates that autophagy equips cells to deliver cytosolic Ags to the MHC class II pathway. By applying knowledge of the autophagy machinery and exploiting microbes as genetic probes, experimentalists can now examine in detail how this ancient membrane traffic pathway contributes to these and other mechanisms critical for infection and immunity.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 My laboratory’s studies of the fate of L. pneumophila in macrophages are supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health Grant R01 AI040694-06AI.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Michele S. Swanson, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 6734 Medical Sciences Building II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620. E-mail address: mswanson{at}umich.edu
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; 3MA, 3-methyladenine; TOR, Target of Rapamycin protein; NLR, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor; PKR, protein kinase R; MHCII, MHC class II; Alfy, autophagy-linked FYVE-domain containing protein; ALIS, aggresome-like induced structure; MHCI, MHC class I.
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