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T Cells rather than CD4 T Cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection1
Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
IL-17 is a cytokine produced by T cells in response to IL-23. Recent data support a new subset of CD4 Th cells distinct from Th1 or Th2 cells that produce IL-17 and may contribute to inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that, in naive mice, as well as during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, IL-17 production is primarily from 
T cells and other non-CD4+CD8+ cells, rather than CD4 T cells. The production of IL-17 by these cells is stimulated by IL-23 alone, and strongly induced by the cytokines, including IL-23, produced by M. tuberculosis-infected dendritic cells. IL-23 is present in the lungs early in infection and the IL-17-producing cells, such as 
T cells, may represent a central innate protective response to pulmonary infection.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants RO1 AI50732 and AI37859 (to J.L.F.), T32 CA82084-07 (to E.L.), and AI060525 (to A.M.G.) and C Advisors Grant.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. JoAnne L. Flynn, W1157 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. E-mail address: joanne{at}pitt.edu
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; KO, knockout; DC, dendritic cell.
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