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Costimulation via CD55 on Human CD4⁺ T Cells Mediated by CD97

Melania Capasso^1,*, Lindy G. Durrant^1,*, Martin Stacey, Siamon Gordon, Judith Ramage^* and Ian Spendlove^2,*

^* Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Decay-accelerating factor (CD55) is a complement regulatory protein, which is expressed by most cells to protect them from complement-mediated attack. CD55 also binds CD97, an EGF-TM7 receptor constitutively expressed on granulocytes and monocytes and rapidly up-regulated on T and B cells upon activation. Early results suggested that CD55 could further enhance T cell proliferation induced by phorbol ester treatment. The present study demonstrates that coengagement of CD55, using either cross-linking mAbs or its natural ligand CD97, and CD3 results in enhanced proliferation of human peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells, expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, and secretion of IL-10 and GM-CSF. Recently, an increase in T cell responsiveness in CD55^–/– mice was shown to be mediated by a lack of complement regulation. In this study, we show that direct stimulation of CD55 on CD4⁺ T cells with CD97 can modulate T cell activation but does not interfere with CD55-mediated complement regulation. Our results support a multifaceted role for CD55 in human T cell activation, constituting a further link between innate and adaptive immunity.

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