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* Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Lausanne, Switzerland;
Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland; and
National Center for Competence in Research, Molecular Oncology, Lausanne, Switzerland
TLR are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play a key role in the initiation of innate antimicrobial immune responses. Through their influence on dendritic cell maturation, these receptors are also thought to indirectly shape the adaptive immune response. However, no data are currently available regarding both TLR expression and function in human CD8+ T cell subsets. We report that a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells, i.e., effector, but neither naive nor central memory cells, constitutively expresses TLR3. Moreover, the ligation of the receptor by a specific agonist in TLR3-expressing CD8+ T cells increased IFN-
secretion induced by TCR-dependent and -independent stimulation, without affecting proliferation or specific cytolytic activity. These results thereby suggest that TLR3 ligands can not only indirectly influence the adaptive immune response through modulation of dendritic cell activation, but also directly increase IFN- production by Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. Altogether, the present work might open new perspectives for the use of TLR ligands as adjuvants for immunotherapy.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
1 J.T. was supported in part by a grant from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Paris, France; code FRM SPE 20021213061). B.S. was supported in part by Oncosuisse Grant OCS-01596-08-2004.
2 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Pedro Romero, Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Avenue Pierre-Decker, 4, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail address: pedro.romero{at}isrec.unil.ch
3 Abbreviations used in this paper: IRF, IFN-responsive factor; DC, dendritic cell.
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