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Injury-Induced Suppression of Effector T Cell Immunity Requires CD1d-Positive APCs and CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells¹

Jessica L. Palmer^*, Julia M. Tulley^*, Elizabeth J. Kovacs^*,, Richard L. Gamelli^*, Masaru Taniguchi and Douglas E. Faunce^2,*

^* Department of Surgery and Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153; and RIKEN, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Japan

Overwhelming infection remains the leading cause of death from serious burn injury despite recent advances in the care of burn patients and a better understanding of immune and inflammatory consequences of injury. In this study, we report a critical requirement for CD1d-restricted NKT cells and CD1d expression by APCs in the immune dysfunction that occurs early after burn injury. Using a well-established murine scald injury model with BALB/c and BALB/c CD1d knockout mice, we investigated whether peripheral T cell immunity was affected by the presence or absence of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in the early stages after injury. Using Ag-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity, T cell proliferation, and cytokine production as indices of immune responsiveness, we observed that both CD1d expression by APCs and CD1d-restricted NKT cells are required for immune suppression after injury. Via adoptive transfer of splenocytes from injured mice to uninjured recipients, we found injury-induced suppression of immunity to be Ag specific, long lasting, and critically dependent on cell surface expression of CD1d by APCs. Together, our results suggest that the defects in T cell responsiveness that occur subsequent to severe burn injury are not merely the result of global or passive suppression, but instead represent an active form of CD1d/NKT cell-dependent immunologic tolerance.

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