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The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 4995-5005.
Copyright © 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists

Duration and Intensity of NF-{kappa}B Activity Determine the Severity of Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury1

M. Brett Everhart2,*, Wei Han2,{dagger}, Taylor P. Sherrill{dagger}, Melissa Arutiunov{ddagger}, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin{dagger}, James R. Burke||, Ruxana T. Sadikot{dagger},§, John W. Christman, Fiona E. Yull{ddagger} and Timothy S. Blackwell3,*,{dagger},{ddagger},§

* Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, {dagger} Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, {ddagger} Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and § Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232; Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612; and || Department of Immunology, Inflammation, and Pulmonary Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543

Activation of innate immunity in the lungs can lead to a self-limited inflammatory response or progress to severe lung injury. We investigated whether specific parameters of NF-{kappa}B pathway activation determine the outcome of acute lung inflammation using a novel line of transgenic reporter mice. Following a single i.p. injection of Escherichia coli LPS, transient NF-{kappa}B activation was identified in a variety of lung cell types, and neutrophilic inflammation resolved without substantial tissue injury. However, administration of LPS over 24 h by osmotic pump (LPS pump) implanted into the peritoneum resulted in sustained, widespread NF-{kappa}B activation and neutrophilic inflammation that culminated in lung injury at 48 h. To determine whether intervention in the NF-{kappa}B pathway could prevent progression to lung injury in the LPS pump model, we administered a specific I{kappa}B kinase inhibitor (BMS-345541) to down-regulate NF-{kappa}B activation following the onset of inflammation. Treatment with BMS-345541 beginning at 20 h after osmotic pump implantation reduced lung NF-{kappa}B activation, concentration of KC and MIP-2 in lung lavage, neutrophil influx, and lung edema measured at 48 h. Therefore, sustained NF-{kappa}B activation correlates with severity of lung injury, and interdiction in the NF-{kappa}B pathway is beneficial even after the onset of lung inflammation.




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