| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Federal Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892;
Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Federal Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852
The innate immune system is key to limiting the early spread of most pathogens and directing the development of Ag-specific immunity. Recently, a number of synthetic molecules that activate the innate immune system by stimulating TLRs have been identified. Among them, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs) were shown to activate TLR9-bearing B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells to induce a strong proinflammatory milieu and a type 1-biased immune response that protects mice from a variety of parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. Although the protective effect of CpG ODN in adult mice was well established, its effectiveness in neonates, which have lower numbers of dendritic, B, and T cells and tend to favor Th2 responses, was unclear. This study uses the New World arenavirus Tacaribe, a neurotropic pathogen that is lethal in newborn mice, to explore the effectiveness of TLR-mediated innate immune responses. Neonatal BALB/c mice treated with CpG ODN at the time of infection had reduced viral load (p < 0.01) and increased survival (52%, p < 0.001 i.p.; 36%, p < 0.05 intranasally). Protection was achieved in mice treated no later than 3 days postchallenge and appears to be mediated by an increase in Ag-specific Abs (IgG and IgM) and to require inducible NO synthase expression and NO production. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the mechanisms by which CpG ODN can protect mice from a neurotropic viral infection.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. L. Wynn, P. O. Scumpia, R. D. Winfield, M. J. Delano, K. Kelly-Scumpia, T. Barker, R. Ungaro, O. Levy, and L. L. Moldawer Defective innate immunity predisposes murine neonates to poor sepsis outcome but is reversed by TLR agonists Blood, September 1, 2008; 112(5): 1750 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kanswal, N. Katsenelson, A. Selvapandiyan, R. J. Bram, and M. Akkoyunlu Deficient TACI Expression on B Lymphocytes of Newborn Mice Leads to Defective Ig Secretion in Response to BAFF or APRIL J. Immunol., July 15, 2008; 181(2): 976 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Pedras-Vasconcelos, M. Puig, C. Sauder, C. Wolbert, M. Ovanesov, D. Goucher, and D. Verthelyi Immunotherapy with CpG Oligonucleotides and Antibodies to TNF-{alpha} Rescues Neonatal Mice from Lethal Arenavirus-Induced Meningoencephalitis J. Immunol., June 15, 2008; 180(12): 8231 - 8240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. B. Butchi, S. Pourciau, M. Du, T. W. Morgan, and K. E. Peterson Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory Response to TLR7 Stimulation in the Brain: Comparison of Multiple TLR7 and/or TLR8 Agonists J. Immunol., June 1, 2008; 180(11): 7604 - 7612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Djavani, O. R. Crasta, J. C. Zapata, Z. Fei, O. Folkerts, B. Sobral, M. Swindells, J. Bryant, H. Davis, C. D. Pauza, et al. Early Blood Profiles of Virus Infection in a Monkey Model for Lassa Fever J. Virol., August 1, 2007; 81(15): 7960 - 7973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M. Krieg Antiinfective Applications of Toll-like Receptor 9 Agonists Proceedings of the ATS, July 1, 2007; 4(3): 289 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
