| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Perugia, Italy; and
Medical College of Wisconsin, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53285
The inherent resistance to diseases caused by Aspergillus fumigatus suggests the occurrence of regulatory mechanisms that provide the host with adequate defense without necessarily eliminating the fungus or causing unacceptable levels of host damage. In this study, we show that a division of labor occurs between functionally distinct regulatory T cells (Treg) that are coordinately activated by a CD28/B-7-dependent costimulatory pathway after exposure of mice to Aspergillus conidia. Early in infection, inflammation is controlled by the expansion, activation and local recruitment of CD4+CD25+ Treg capable of suppressing neutrophils through the combined actions of IL-10 and CTLA-4 on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The levels of IFN-
produced in this early phase set the subsequent adaptive stage by conditioning the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent tolerogenic program of dendritic cells and the subsequent activation and expansion of tolerogenic Treg, which produce IL-10 and TGF-
, inhibit Th2 cells, and prevent allergy to the fungus. The coordinate activation of Treg may, however, be subverted by the fungus, as germinating conidia are capable of interfering with anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic Treg programs. Thus, regulation is an essential component of the host response in infection and allergy to the fungus, and its manipulation may allow the pathogen to overcome host resistance and promote disease.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Bozza, T. Zelante, S. Moretti, P. Bonifazi, A. DeLuca, C. D'Angelo, G. Giovannini, C. Garlanda, L. Boon, F. Bistoni, et al. Lack of Toll IL-1R8 Exacerbates Th17 Cell Responses in Fungal Infection J. Immunol., March 15, 2008; 180(6): 4022 - 4031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Deepe Jr. and R. S. Gibbons TNF-{alpha} Antagonism Generates a Population of Antigen-Specific CD4+CD25+ T Cells That Inhibit Protective Immunity in Murine Histoplasmosis J. Immunol., January 15, 2008; 180(2): 1088 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Denis, D. N. Wedlock, A. R. McCarthy, N. A. Parlane, P. J. Cockle, H. M. Vordermeier, R. G. Hewinson, and B. M. Buddle Enhancement of the Sensitivity of the Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infections in Cattle Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2007; 14(11): 1483 - 1489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. De Luca, C. Montagnoli, T. Zelante, P. Bonifazi, S. Bozza, S. Moretti, C. D'Angelo, C. Vacca, L. Boon, F. Bistoni, et al. Functional yet Balanced Reactivity to Candida albicans Requires TRIF, MyD88, and IDO-Dependent Inhibition of Rorc J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 5999 - 6008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. M. Hohl and M. Feldmesser Aspergillus fumigatus: Principles of Pathogenesis and Host Defense Eukaryot. Cell, November 1, 2007; 6(11): 1953 - 1963. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Taylor, A. Harris, S. A. Babayan, O. Bain, A. Culshaw, J. E. Allen, and R. M. Maizels CTLA-4 and CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Protective Immunity to Filarial Parasites In Vivo J. Immunol., October 1, 2007; 179(7): 4626 - 4634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. ROMANI, F. BISTONI, C. MONTAGNOLI, R. GAZIANO, S. BOZZA, P. BONIFAZI, T. ZELANTE, S. MORETTI, G. RASI, E. GARACI, et al. Thymosin {alpha}1: An Endogenous Regulator of Inflammation, Immunity, and Tolerance Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., September 1, 2007; 1112(1): 326 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. J. van der Marel, J. N. Samsom, M. Greuter, L. A. van Berkel, T. O'Toole, G. Kraal, and R. E. Mebius Blockade of IDO Inhibits Nasal Tolerance Induction J. Immunol., July 15, 2007; 179(2): 894 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Jaillon, G. Peri, Y. Delneste, I. Fremaux, A. Doni, F. Moalli, C. Garlanda, L. Romani, H. Gascan, S. Bellocchio, et al. The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps J. Exp. Med., April 16, 2007; 204(4): 793 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lewkowicz, N. Lewkowicz, A. Sasiak, and H. Tchorzewski Lipopolysaccharide-Activated CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Inhibit Neutrophil Function and Promote Their Apoptosis and Death J. Immunol., November 15, 2006; 177(10): 7155 - 7163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Romani, F. Bistoni, K. Perruccio, C. Montagnoli, R. Gaziano, S. Bozza, P. Bonifazi, G. Bistoni, G. Rasi, A. Velardi, et al. Thymosin {alpha}1 activates dendritic cell tryptophan catabolism and establishes a regulatory environment for balance of inflammation and tolerance Blood, October 1, 2006; 108(7): 2265 - 2274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Belladonna, U. Grohmann, P. Guidetti, C. Volpi, R. Bianchi, M. C. Fioretti, R. Schwarcz, F. Fallarino, and P. Puccetti Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes in Dendritic Cells Initiate Tolerogenesis in the Absence of Functional IDO J. Immunol., July 1, 2006; 177(1): 130 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Vojdani and J. Erde Regulatory T Cells, a Potent Immunoregulatory Target for CAM Researchers: Modulating Allergic and Infectious Disease Pathology (II) Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., June 1, 2006; 3(2): 209 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
