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T Lymphocytes1
Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
TLR3 recognizes viral dsRNA and its synthetic mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). TLR3 expression is commonly considered to be restricted to dendritic cells, NK cells, and fibroblasts. In this study we report that human 
and 
T lymphocytes also express TLR3, as shown by quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Although T cells did not respond directly to poly(I:C), we observed a dramatic increase in IFN- secretion and an up-regulation of CD69 when freshly isolated T cells were stimulated via TCR in the presence of poly(I:C) without APC. IFN- secretion was partially inhibited by anti-TLR3 Abs. In contrast, poly(I:C) did not costimulate IFN- secretion by T cells. These results indicate that TLR3 signaling is differentially regulated in TCR-stimulated and T cells, suggesting an early activation of T cells in antiviral immunity.
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