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1 Released from Activated Platelets Can Induce TNF-Stimulated Human Brain Endothelium Apoptosis: A New Mechanism for Microvascular Lesion during Cerebral Malaria1
* Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6020, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Fédératif de Recherches (IFR) 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France;
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;
Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hémostase, Fibrinolyse et Pathologie Vasculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 626, IFR 125, Faculty of Medicine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France;
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30333; and
¶ Department of Pathology, K25, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Platelets have recently been shown to accumulate in brain microvessels of patients with cerebral malaria and to modulate the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells to human brain endothelium in vitro. In the present study we used a platelet-endothelial cell coculture model to investigate the mechanisms by which platelets modify the function of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC). Platelets were found to have a proapoptotic effect on TNF-activated HBEC, and this was contact-dependent, as inhibiting platelet binding prevented endothelial cell killing. We also showed that the supernatants of thrombin-activated platelets killed TNF-stimulated HBEC and that TGF-
1 was the main molecule involved in endothelial cell death, because its inhibition completely abrogated the activated-platelet supernatant effect. Our data illustrate another aspect of the duality of TGF-1 in malaria and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
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