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9V
2 T Cells with a Synthetic Phosphoantigen in a Preclinical Nonhuman Primate Model


* Innate Pharma, Marseilles, France;
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 463, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Quai Moncousu, Nantes, France; and
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 563, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
V
9V
2+ cells represent the major population of 
T cells in primate blood and react in an MHC-unrestricted fashion to a set of low m.w. nonpeptide phosphoantigens. Two types of structurally related agonists have been discovered so far: the natural phosphoantigens (hydroxydimethyl allyl-pyrophosphate or isopentenyl-pyrophosphate (IPP)) acting directly on V
9V
2+ TCR and aminobisphosphonates, which block the mevalonate pathway in target cells, leading to accumulation of natural phosphoantigens that in turn activate V
9V
2+ cells. We demonstrate in the cynomolgus monkey that V
9V
2 can be manipulated in vivo with bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP)/Phosphostim, a potent synthetic agonist for which the mechanism of action is similar to natural phosphoantigens. Although of very short half-life, injection of BrHPP leads to strong activation of V
9V
2, inducing production of a high level of Th1 cytokines. Combination of BrHPP with low-dose rhIL-2 induces specific amplification of effector-memory peripheral V
9V
2 in blood in a dose-dependant manner. This transient response returns to baseline within 1015 days. Successive infusions of BrHPP and rhIL-2 induce less vigorous expansions, suggesting a progressive exhaustion of the response. As no toxicity is detected with or without IL-2, this scheme represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for induction of systemic Th1 cytokines and massive expansion of 
T cell subset with antitumor and anti-infectious properties.
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