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The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 4189-4193.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists


CUTTING EDGE

Cutting Edge: TLR2-Mediated Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by Microglial Cells in Response to Herpes Simplex Virus1

Rajagopal N. Aravalli, Shuxian Hu, Timothy N. Rowen, Joseph M. Palmquist and James R. Lokensgard2

Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455

Recent studies indicate that TLRs are critical in generating innate immune responses during infection with HSV-1. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR2 signaling in regulating the production of neuroimmune mediators by examining cytokine and chemokine expression using primary microglial cells obtained from TLR2–/– as well as wild-type mice. Data presented here demonstrate that TLR2 signaling is required for the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines: TNF-{alpha}, IL-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-12, CCL7, CCL8, CCL9, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, and CXCL5. CXCL9 and CXCL10 were also induced by HSV, but their production was not dependent upon TLR2 signaling. Because TLR2–/– mice display significantly reduced mortality and diminished neuroinflammation in response to brain infection with HSV, the TLR2-dependent cytokines identified here might function as key players influencing viral neuropathogenesis.




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