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* Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
Critical to the development of an effective HIV vaccine is the identification of adaptive immune responses that prevent infection or disease. In this study we demonstrate in a relevant nonhuman primate model of AIDS that the magnitude of vaccine-induced virus-specific CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM), but not that of CD8+ effector memory T cells, inversely correlates with the level of SIVmac251 replication, suggesting their pivotal role in the control of viral replication. We propose that effective preventive or therapeutic T cell vaccines for HIV-1 should induce long-term protective central memory T cells.
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