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,
,¶
* Antiviral Innate Immunity Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan;
Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan;
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Gene Function Research Center, Tsukuba Science City, Japan;
¶ Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
|| Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
# Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan;
** Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; and
Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
The cellular protein retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses intracellular viral infection and triggers a signal for innate antiviral responses including the production of type I IFN. RIG-I contains a domain that belongs to a DExD/H-box helicase family and exhibits an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) homology. There are three genes encoding RIG-I-related proteins in human and mouse genomes. Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), which consists of CARD and a helicase domain, functions as a positive regulator, similarly to RIG-I. Both proteins sense viral RNA with a helicase domain and transmit a signal downstream by CARD; thus, these proteins share overlapping functions. Another protein, LGP2, lacks the CARD homology and functions as a negative regulator by interfering with the recognition of viral RNA by RIG-I and MDA5. The nonstructural protein 3/4A protein of hepatitis C virus blocks the signaling by RIG-I and MDA5; however, the V protein of the Sendai virus selectively abrogates the MDA5 function. These results highlight ingenious mechanisms for initiating antiviral innate immune responses and the action of virus-encoded inhibitors.
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T. Venkataraman, M. Valdes, R. Elsby, S. Kakuta, G. Caceres, S. Saijo, Y. Iwakura, and G. N. Barber Loss of DExD/H Box RNA Helicase LGP2 Manifests Disparate Antiviral Responses J. Immunol., May 15, 2007; 178(10): 6444 - 6455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D. Vitour and E. F. Meurs Regulation of Interferon Production by RIG-I and LGP2: A Lesson in Self-Control Sci. Signal., May 1, 2007; 2007(384): pe20 - pe20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Yang, Y. Liang, L. Qu, Z. Chen, M. Yi, K. Li, and S. M. Lemon Disruption of innate immunity due to mitochondrial targeting of a picornaviral protease precursor PNAS, April 24, 2007; 104(17): 7253 - 7258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. L. Johnson, D. M. Owen, and M. Gale Jr. Functional and Therapeutic Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus NS3{middle dot}4A Protease Control of Antiviral Immune Defense J. Biol. Chem., April 6, 2007; 282(14): 10792 - 10803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Onoguchi, M. Yoneyama, A. Takemura, S. Akira, T. Taniguchi, H. Namiki, and T. Fujita Viral Infections Activate Types I and III Interferon Genes through a Common Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., March 9, 2007; 282(10): 7576 - 7581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Z. Guo, L.-m. Chen, H. Zeng, J. A. Gomez, J. Plowden, T. Fujita, J. M. Katz, R. O. Donis, and S. Sambhara NS1 Protein of Influenza A Virus Inhibits the Function of Intracytoplasmic Pathogen Sensor, RIG-I Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2007; 36(3): 263 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Balachandran, T. Venkataraman, P. B. Fisher, and G. N. Barber Fas-Associated Death Domain-Containing Protein-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling Involves the Regulation of Irf7 J. Immunol., February 15, 2007; 178(4): 2429 - 2439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Kawai and S. Akira Antiviral Signaling Through Pattern Recognition Receptors J. Biochem., February 1, 2007; 141(2): 137 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Zhou and S. Perlman Mouse Hepatitis Virus Does Not Induce Beta Interferon Synthesis and Does Not Inhibit Its Induction by Double-Stranded RNA J. Virol., January 15, 2007; 81(2): 568 - 574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Saito, R. Hirai, Y.-M. Loo, D. Owen, C. L. Johnson, S. C. Sinha, S. Akira, T. Fujita, and M. Gale Jr. Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2 PNAS, January 9, 2007; 104(2): 582 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Feng, M. Cerveny, Z. Yan, and B. He The VP35 Protein of Ebola Virus Inhibits the Antiviral Effect Mediated by Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR J. Virol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 182 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Song, F. W Bazer, and T. E Spencer Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate RSAD2 and IFIH1 expression in the ovine uterus Reproduction, January 1, 2007; 133(1): 285 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Komuro and C. M. Horvath RNA- and Virus-Independent Inhibition of Antiviral Signaling by RNA Helicase LGP2 J. Virol., December 15, 2006; 80(24): 12332 - 12342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Sasai, M. Shingai, K. Funami, M. Yoneyama, T. Fujita, M. Matsumoto, and T. Seya NAK-Associated Protein 1 Participates in Both the TLR3 and the Cytoplasmic Pathways in Type I IFN Induction J. Immunol., December 15, 2006; 177(12): 8676 - 8683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Hilton, K. Moganeradj, G. Zhang, Y.-H. Chen, R. E. Randall, J. W. McCauley, and S. Goodbourn The NPro Product of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Inhibits DNA Binding by Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 and Targets It for Proteasomal Degradation J. Virol., December 1, 2006; 80(23): 11723 - 11732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Paladino, D. T. Cummings, R. S. Noyce, and K. L. Mossman The IFN-Independent Response to Virus Particle Entry Provides a First Line of Antiviral Defense That Is Independent of TLRs and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I J. Immunol., December 1, 2006; 177(11): 8008 - 8016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Pichlmair, O. Schulz, C. P. Tan, T. I. Naslund, P. Liljestrom, F. Weber, and C. Reis e Sousa RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Responses to Single-Stranded RNA Bearing 5'-Phosphates Science, November 10, 2006; 314(5801): 997 - 1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Matsui, Y. Kumagai, H. Kato, S. Sato, T. Kawagoe, S. Uematsu, O. Takeuchi, and S. Akira Cutting Edge: Role of TANK-Binding Kinase 1 and Inducible I{kappa}B Kinase in IFN Responses against Viruses in Innate Immune Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2006; 177(9): 5785 - 5789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Audige, M. Urosevic, E. Schlaepfer, R. Walker, D. Powell, S. Hallenberger, H. Joller, H.-U. Simon, R. Dummer, and R. F. Speck Anti-HIV State but Not Apoptosis Depends on IFN Signature in CD4+ T Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2006; 177(9): 6227 - 6237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Samuel and M. S. Diamond Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection: a Balance between Virulence, Innate and Adaptive Immunity, and Viral Evasion J. Virol., October 1, 2006; 80(19): 9349 - 9360. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Severa, E. M. Coccia, and K. A. Fitzgerald Toll-like Receptor-dependent and -independent Viperin Gene Expression and Counter-regulation by PRDI-binding Factor-1/BLIMP1 J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2006; 281(36): 26188 - 26195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Kumar, T. Kawai, H. Kato, S. Sato, K. Takahashi, C. Coban, M. Yamamoto, S. Uematsu, K. J. Ishii, O. Takeuchi, et al. Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses J. Exp. Med., July 10, 2006; 203(7): 1795 - 1803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. B. Cardenas, Y.-M. Loo, M. Gale Jr., A. L. Hartman, C. R. Kimberlin, L. Martinez-Sobrido, E. O. Saphire, and C. F. Basler Ebola Virus VP35 Protein Binds Double-Stranded RNA and Inhibits Alpha/Beta Interferon Production Induced by RIG-I Signaling. J. Virol., June 1, 2006; 80(11): 5168 - 5178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Gitlin, W. Barchet, S. Gilfillan, M. Cella, B. Beutler, R. A. Flavell, M. S. Diamond, and M. Colonna Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus PNAS, May 30, 2006; 103(22): 8459 - 8464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Yoshikawa, T. Iwasaki, M. Ida-Hosonuma, M. Yoneyama, T. Fujita, H. Horie, M. Miyazawa, S. Abe, B. Simizu, and S. Koike Role of the Alpha/Beta Interferon Response in the Acquisition of Susceptibility to Poliovirus by Kidney Cells in Culture J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(9): 4313 - 4325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Weber, V. Wagner, S. B. Rasmussen, R. Hartmann, and S. R. Paludan Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses. J. Virol., May 1, 2006; 80(10): 5059 - 5064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Takahashi, T. Kawai, H. Kumar, S. Sato, S. Yonehara, and S. Akira Cutting edge: roles of caspase-8 and caspase-10 in innate immune responses to double-stranded RNA. J. Immunol., April 15, 2006; 176(8): 4520 - 4524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y.-M. Loo, D. M. Owen, K. Li, A. K. Erickson, C. L. Johnson, P. M. Fish, D. S. Carney, T. Wang, H. Ishida, M. Yoneyama, et al. Viral and therapeutic control of IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 during hepatitis C virus infection PNAS, April 11, 2006; 103(15): 6001 - 6006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. L. Fredericksen and M. Gale Jr. West Nile Virus Evades Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 through RIG-I-Dependent and -Independent Pathways without Antagonizing Host Defense Signaling J. Virol., March 15, 2006; 80(6): 2913 - 2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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