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Bacterial Induction of TNF- Converting Enzyme Expression and IL-6 Receptor Shedding Regulates Airway Inflammatory Signaling ¹

College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032

Airway epithelial cells have a major role in initiating inflammation in response to bacterial pathogens. Through the immediate induction of CXCL8 and cytokine expression, polymorphonuclear cells are mobilized and activated to eradicate the infecting organisms. However, the influx of polymorphonuclear cells and the effects of their toxic exoproducts impede respiratory function. We postulated that respiratory epithelial cells must also participate in the regulation of their own proinflammatory signaling. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to potently activate IL-6 expression immediately upon contact with epithelial cells, and by 1 h induced TNF- converting enzyme (TACE) transcription. By 4 h of bacterial exposure, TACE colocalized with IL-6R on the apical surface of airway cells, and by 24 h, soluble IL-6R accumulated in the cell culture supernatant. Epithelial IL-6 and soluble IL-6R were shown to participate in trans-signaling, interacting with membrane-associated gp130 to activate CCL-2 expression and inhibit additional CXCL8 production. Thus, bacteria are physiological activators of TACE expression, which provides a mechanism to regulate inflammatory signaling that is initiated by airway epithelial cells.

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