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Delineation of the Function of a Major T Cell Subset during Infection¹

Elizabeth M. Andrew^2,*, Darren J. Newton^2,*, Jane E. Dalton^*, Charlotte E. Egan^*, Stewart J. Goodwin^*, Daniela Tramonti^*, Philip Scott and Simon R. Carding^3,*

^* School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104

T cells play important but poorly defined roles in pathogen-induced immune responses and in preventing chronic inflammation and pathology. A major obstacle to defining their function is establishing the degree of functional redundancy and heterogeneity among T cells. Using mice deficient in V1⁺ T cells which are a major component of the T cell response to microbial infection, a specific immunoregulatory role for V1⁺ T cells in macrophage and T cell homeostasis during infection has been established. By contrast, V1⁺ T cells play no significant role in pathogen containment or eradication and cannot protect mice from immune-mediated pathology. Pathogen-elicited V1⁺ T cells also display different functional characteristics at different stages of the host response to infection that involves unique and different populations of V1⁺ T cells. These findings, therefore, identify distinct and nonoverlapping roles for T cell subsets in infection and establish the complexity and adaptability of a single population of T cells in the host response to infection that is not predetermined, but is, instead, shaped by environmental factors.

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