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The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 633-639.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists

BRIEF REVIEW

DNA Vaccines: Progress and Challenges1

John J. Donnelly2,*, Britta Wahren{dagger} and Margaret A. Liu{ddagger}

* Chiron Vaccines, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608; {dagger} Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and {ddagger} Transgene, SA, Lafayette, CA 94549

In the years following the publication of the initial in vivo demonstration of the ability of plasmid DNA to generate protective immune responses, DNA vaccines have entered into a variety of human clinical trials for vaccines against various infectious diseases and for therapies against cancer, and are in development for therapies against autoimmune diseases and allergy. They also have become a widely used laboratory tool for a variety of applications ranging from proteomics to understanding Ag presentation and cross-priming. Despite their rapid and widespread development and the commonplace usage of the term "DNA vaccines," however, the disappointing potency of the DNA vaccines in humans underscores the challenges encountered in the efforts to translate efficacy in preclinical models into clinical realities. This review will provide a brief background of DNA vaccines including the insights gained about the varied immunological mechanisms that play a role in their ability to generate immune responses.




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