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IL-1-Mediated Proinflammatory Responses Are Inhibited by Estradiol via Down-Regulation of IL-1 Receptor Type I in Uterine Epithelial Cells¹

Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of sex hormones on IL-1-mediated responses by uterine epithelial cells. The mRNA expression and secretion of human -defensin-2 and CXCL8 by uterine epithelial cells was examined following stimulation with IL-1 in the presence of estradiol or progesterone. Estradiol inhibited the IL-1-mediated mRNA expression and secretion of human -defensin-2 and CXCL8 by uterine epithelial cells while progesterone had no effect. Inhibition of the IL-1-mediated response by estradiol was dose dependent, with maximal inhibition observed using 10^–7 to 10^–10 M, and was shown to be mediated through the estrogen receptor because addition of a pure estrogen receptor antagonist abrogated this effect. The mechanism by which estradiol inhibits IL-1-mediated responses by uterine epithelial cells appears to be the down-modulation of the IL-1R type I, thereby reducing the uterine epithelial cell’s ability to respond to IL-1. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of estradiol on IL-1-mediated inflammatory responses by uterine epithelial cells indicates a link between the endocrine and immune systems and may be crucial for dampening proinflammatory responses during the time of ovulation or pregnancy.

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