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TLR-Dependent IL-4 Production by Invariant V14⁺J18⁺ NKT Cells to Initiate Contact Sensitivity In Vivo¹

Philip W. Askenase^2,*, Atsuko Itakura^*, Maria C. Leite-de-Moraes, Mariette Lisbonne, Sukit Roongapinun^*, Daniel R. Goldstein^* and Marian Szczepanik

^* Sections of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8147, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France; and Department of Human Developmental Biology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Kracow, Poland

LPS stimulated B-1 cell polyclonal in vivo IgM responses depend on IL-4 release by invariant V14⁺J18⁺ NKT (iNKT) cells. The IgM Abs can recruit effector T cells to mediate contact sensitivity. LPS activates the B-1 cell response just 1 day later, and depends on CD1d, iNKT cells, IL-4, TLR4, and MyD88. LPS in vivo and in vitro stimulates rapid preferential production of IL-4 in hepatic iNKT cells within 2 h. TLR4 were demonstrated in iNKT cells by flow cytometry and functional studies. Thus, innate microbial stimulation via TLR can activate iNKT cell and B-1 cell collaboration. The result is polyclonal IgM Ab responses capable of recruiting Ag-specific T cells into tissues. This may be involved in the promotion of autoimmunity by infectious agents.

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