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TNF-Related Activation-Induced Cytokine Enhances Leukocyte Adhesiveness: Induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via TNF Receptor-Associated Factor and Protein Kinase C-Dependent NF-B Activation in Endothelial Cells¹

Jeong-Ki Min^*,, Young-Myeong Kim, Sung Wan Kim, Min-Chul Kwon, Young-Yun Kong, In Koo Hwang^¶, Moo Ho Won^¶, Jaerang Rho^|| and Young-Guen Kwon^2,*

^* Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea; Division of Molecular and Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; ^¶ Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, Republic of Korea; and ^|| Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Inflammation is a basic pathological mechanism leading to a variety of vascular diseases. The inflammatory reaction involves complex interactions between both circulating and resident leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. In this study, we report evidence for a novel action of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) as an inflammatory mediator and its underlying signaling mechanism in the vascular wall. TRANCE significantly increased endothelial-leukocyte cell interactions, and this effect was associated with increased expression of the cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, on the endothelial cells. RT-PCR analysis and promoter assays revealed that expression of these cell adhesion molecules was transcriptionally regulated mainly by activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, NF-B. TRANCE induced IB- phosphorylation and NF-B activation via a cascade of reactions involving the TNFR-associated factors, phospholipase C, PI3K, and protein kinase C (PKC- and PKC-). It also led to the production of reactive oxygen species via PKC- and PI3K-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase in the endothelial cells, and antioxidants suppressed the responses to TRANCE. These results demonstrate that TRANCE has an inflammatory action and may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases.

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