The JI
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
 

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Brittingham, K. C.
Right arrow Articles by Bavari, S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Brittingham, K. C.
Right arrow Articles by Bavari, S.
The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 5545-5552.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists

Dendritic Cells Endocytose Bacillus anthracis Spores: Implications for Anthrax Pathogenesis 1

Katherine C. Brittingham*, Gordon Ruthel*, Rekha G. Panchal{dagger}, Claudette L. Fuller*, Wilson J. Ribot*, Timothy A. Hoover*, Howard A. Young{ddagger}, Arthur O. Anderson* and Sina Bavari2,*

* U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and {dagger} Developmental Therapeutics Program and {ddagger} Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702

Phagocytosis of inhaled Bacillus anthracis spores and subsequent trafficking to lymph nodes are decisive events in the progression of inhalational anthrax because they initiate germination and dissemination of spores. Found in high frequency throughout the respiratory track, dendritic cells (DCs) routinely take up foreign particles and migrate to lymph nodes. However, the participation of DCs in phagocytosis and dissemination of spores has not been investigated previously. We found that human DCs readily engulfed fully pathogenic Ames and attenuated B. anthracis spores predominately by coiling phagocytosis. Spores provoked a loss of tissue-retaining chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR5) with a concurrent increase in lymph node homing receptors (CCR7, CD11c) on the membrane of DCs. After spore infection, immature DCs displayed a mature phenotype (CD83bright, HLA-DRbright, CD80bright, CD86bright, CD40bright) and enhanced costimulatory activity. Surprisingly, spores activated the MAPK cascade (ERK, p38) within 30 min and stimulated expression of several inflammatory response genes by 2 h. MAPK signaling was extinguished by 6 h infection, and there was a dramatic reduction of secreted TNF-{alpha}, IL-6, and IL-8 in the absence of DC death. This corresponded temporally with enzymatic cleavage of proximal MAPK signaling proteins (MEK-1, MEK-3, and MAP kinase kinase-4) and may indicate activity of anthrax lethal toxin. Taken together, these results suggest that B. anthracis may exploit DCs to facilitate infection.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
W. Wu, H. Mehta, K. Chakrabarty, J. L. Booth, E. S. Duggan, K. B. Patel, J. D. Ballard, K. M. Coggeshall, and J. P. Metcalf
Resistance of Human Alveolar Macrophages to Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin
J. Immunol., November 1, 2009; 183(9): 5799 - 5806.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
C. L. Loving, M. Osorio, Y.-G. Kim, G. Nunez, M. A. Hughes, and T. J. Merkel
Nod1/Nod2-Mediated Recognition Plays a Critical Role in Induction of Adaptive Immunity to Anthrax after Aerosol Exposure
Infect. Immun., October 1, 2009; 77(10): 4529 - 4537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
F. J. Maldonado-Arocho and K. A. Bradley
Anthrax Edema Toxin Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Enhances Chemotaxis towards Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3{beta}
Infect. Immun., May 1, 2009; 77(5): 2036 - 2042.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
M. A. Crawford, Y. Zhu, C. S. Green, M. D. Burdick, P. Sanz, F. Alem, A. D. O'Brien, B. Mehrad, R. M. Strieter, and M. A. Hughes
Antimicrobial Effects of Interferon-Inducible CXC Chemokines against Bacillus anthracis Spores and Bacilli
Infect. Immun., April 1, 2009; 77(4): 1664 - 1678.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
Y. P. Gauthier, J.-N. Tournier, J.-C. Paucod, J.-P. Corre, M. Mock, P. L. Goossens, and D. R. Vidal
Efficacy of a Vaccine Based on Protective Antigen and Killed Spores against Experimental Inhalational Anthrax
Infect. Immun., March 1, 2009; 77(3): 1197 - 1207.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
C. L. Loving, T. Khurana, M. Osorio, G. M. Lee, V. K. Kelly, S. Stibitz, and T. J. Merkel
Role of Anthrax Toxins in Dissemination, Disease Progression, and Induction of Protective Adaptive Immunity in the Mouse Aerosol Challenge Model
Infect. Immun., January 1, 2009; 77(1): 255 - 265.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
J. L. Larabee, K. DeGiusti, J. L. Regens, and J. D. Ballard
Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Activates Nuclear Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3{beta}
Infect. Immun., November 1, 2008; 76(11): 4895 - 4904.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
K. L. Wozniak and S. M. Levitz
Cryptococcus neoformans Enters the Endolysosomal Pathway of Dendritic Cells and Is Killed by Lysosomal Components
Infect. Immun., October 1, 2008; 76(10): 4764 - 4771.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
B. H. Russell, Q. Liu, S. A. Jenkins, M. J. Tuvim, B. F. Dickey, and Y. Xu
In Vivo Demonstration and Quantification of Intracellular Bacillus anthracis in Lung Epithelial Cells
Infect. Immun., September 1, 2008; 76(9): 3975 - 3983.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. Kim, S. Wilcox-Adelman, Y. Sano, W.-J. Tang, R. J. Collier, and J. M. Park
From the Cover: Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus
PNAS, April 22, 2008; 105(16): 6150 - 6155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. Dong, S. A. McPherson, L. Tan, O. N. Chesnokova, C. L. Turnbough Jr., and D. G. Pritchard
Anthrose Biosynthetic Operon of Bacillus anthracis
J. Bacteriol., April 1, 2008; 190(7): 2350 - 2359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
P. Sanz, L. D. Teel, F. Alem, H. M. Carvalho, S. C. Darnell, and A. D. O'Brien
Detection of Bacillus anthracis Spore Germination In Vivo by Bioluminescence Imaging
Infect. Immun., March 1, 2008; 76(3): 1036 - 1047.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. R. Oliva, M. K. Swiecki, C. E. Griguer, M. W. Lisanby, D. C. Bullard, C. L. Turnbough Jr., and J. F. Kearney
The integrin Mac-1 (CR3) mediates internalization and directs Bacillus anthracis spores into professional phagocytes
PNAS, January 29, 2008; 105(4): 1261 - 1266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S.-D. Ha, D. Ng, J. Lamothe, M. A. Valvano, J. Han, and S. O. Kim
Mitochondrial Proteins Bnip3 and Bnip3L Are Involved in Anthrax Lethal Toxin-induced Macrophage Cell Death
J. Biol. Chem., September 7, 2007; 282(36): 26275 - 26283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
K. Chakrabarty, W. Wu, J. L. Booth, E. S. Duggan, N. N. Nagle, K. M. Coggeshall, and J. P. Metcalf
Human Lung Innate Immune Response to Bacillus anthracis Spore Infection
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2007; 75(8): 3729 - 3738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
N. H. Bergman, E. C. Anderson, E. E. Swenson, B. K. Janes, N. Fisher, M. M. Niemeyer, A. D. Miyoshi, and P. C. Hanna
Transcriptional Profiling of Bacillus anthracis during Infection of Host Macrophages
Infect. Immun., July 1, 2007; 75(7): 3434 - 3444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
A. M. Sanchez, D. Thomas, E. J. Gillespie, R. Damoiseaux, J. Rogers, J. P. Saxe, J. Huang, M. Manchester, and K. A. Bradley
Amiodarone and Bepridil Inhibit Anthrax Toxin Entry into Host Cells
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., July 1, 2007; 51(7): 2403 - 2411.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
A. Cleret, A. Quesnel-Hellmann, A. Vallon-Eberhard, B. Verrier, S. Jung, D. Vidal, J. Mathieu, and J.-N. Tournier
Lung Dendritic Cells Rapidly Mediate Anthrax Spore Entry through the Pulmonary Route
J. Immunol., June 15, 2007; 178(12): 7994 - 8001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
C. L. Loving, M. Kennett, G. M. Lee, V. K. Grippe, and T. J. Merkel
Murine Aerosol Challenge Model of Anthrax
Infect. Immun., June 1, 2007; 75(6): 2689 - 2698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. Akoachere, R. C. Squires, A. M. Nour, L. Angelov, J. Brojatsch, and E. Abel-Santos
Identification of an in Vivo Inhibitor of Bacillus anthracis Spore Germination
J. Biol. Chem., April 20, 2007; 282(16): 12112 - 12118.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
B. Velan, E. Bar-Haim, A. Zauberman, E. Mamroud, A. Shafferman, and S. Cohen
Discordance in the Effects of Yersinia pestis on the Dendritic Cell Functions Manifested by Induction of Maturation and Paralysis of Migration
Infect. Immun., November 1, 2006; 74(11): 6365 - 6376.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
J. A. Boydston, L. Yue, J. F. Kearney, and C. L. Turnbough Jr.
The ExsY Protein Is Required for Complete Formation of the Exosporium of Bacillus anthracis
J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2006; 188(21): 7440 - 7448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
W. J. Ribot, R. G. Panchal, K. C. Brittingham, G. Ruthel, T. A. Kenny, D. Lane, B. Curry, T. A. Hoover, A. M. Friedlander, and S. Bavari
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival
Infect. Immun., September 1, 2006; 74(9): 5029 - 5034.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. K. White, J. A. Hoch, M. Grynberg, A. Godzik, and M. Perego
Sensor Domains Encoded in Bacillus anthracis Virulence Plasmids Prevent Sporulation by Hijacking a Sporulation Sensor Histidine Kinase.
J. Bacteriol., September 1, 2006; 188(17): 6354 - 6360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
K. Chakrabarty, W. Wu, J. L. Booth, E. S. Duggan, K. M. Coggeshall, and J. P. Metcalf
Bacillus anthracis Spores Stimulate Cytokine and Chemokine Innate Immune Responses in Human Alveolar Macrophages through Multiple Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways.
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2006; 74(8): 4430 - 4438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
A. Piris-Gimenez, M. Paya, G. Lambeau, M. Chignard, M. Mock, L. Touqui, and P. L. Goossens
In Vivo Protective Role of Human Group IIA Phospholipase A2 against Experimental Anthrax
J. Immunol., November 15, 2005; 175(10): 6786 - 6791.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. J. A. Rainey, D. J. Wigelsworth, P. L. Ryan, H. M. Scobie, R. J. Collier, and J. A. T. Young
Receptor-specific requirements for anthrax toxin delivery into cells
PNAS, September 13, 2005; 102(37): 13278 - 13283.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Website Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved.
All Contents Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved.