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The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 4613-4620.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists

Rac2 Regulates Neutrophil Chemotaxis, Superoxide Production, and Myeloid Colony Formation through Multiple Distinct Effector Pathways1

Dirk Carstanjen2,3,*, Akira Yamauchi2,4,{dagger}, Annemart Koornneef*, Heesuk Zang*, Marie-Dominique Filippi*, Chad Harris*, Jason Towe{dagger}, Simon Atkinson{dagger}, Yi Zheng*, Mary C. Dinauer{dagger} and David A. Williams5,*

* Division of Experimental Hematology, Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH; and {dagger} Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Department, of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are an important component of the innate immune system. We have shown previously that migration and superoxide (O

{cjs1138}

2) production, as well as some kinase signaling pathways are compromised in mice deficient in the Ras-related Rho GTPase Rac2. In this study, we demonstrate that Rac2 controls chemotaxis and superoxide production via distinct pathways and is critical for development of myeloid colonies in vitro. The Rac2 mutants V36A, F37A, and N39A all bind to both Pak1 and p67phox, yet are unable to rescue superoxide production and chemotaxis when expressed in Rac2–/– PMN. In contrast, the N43A mutant, which binds to Por1 (Arfaptin 2), p67phox, and Pak1, is able to rescue superoxide production but not chemotaxis. The F37A mutant, demonstrated to have reduced binding to Por1, shows reduced rescue of fMLP-induced chemotaxis. Finally, the Rac2Y40C mutant that is defective in binding to all three potential downstream effectors (Pak1, p67phox, and Por1) is unable to rescue chemotaxis, motility, or superoxide production, but is able to rescue defective growth of myeloid colonies in vitro. These findings suggest that binding to any single effector is not sufficient to rescue the distinct cellular phenotypes of Rac2–/– PMN, implicating multiple, distinct, and potentially parallel effector pathways.




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