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* Division of Surgery, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Ghost Lab, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,
Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, and
Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
¶ McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; and
|| Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
CD4+ T cells control the effector function, memory, and maintenance of CD8+ T cells. Paradoxically, we found that absence of CD4+ T cells enhanced adoptive immunotherapy of cancer when using CD8+ T cells directed against a persisting tumor/self-Ag. However, adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25– Th cells (Th cells) with tumor/self-reactive CD8+ T cells and vaccination into CD4+ T cell-deficient hosts induced autoimmunity and regression of established melanoma. Transfer of CD4+ T cells that contained a mixture of Th and CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Treg cells) or Treg cells alone prevented effective adoptive immunotherapy. Maintenance of CD8+ T cell numbers and function was dependent on Th cells that were capable of IL-2 production because therapy failed when Th cells were derived from IL-2–/– mice. These findings reveal that Th cells can help break tolerance to a persisting self-Ag and treat established tumors through an IL-2-dependent mechanism, but requires simultaneous absence of naturally occurring Treg cells to be effective.
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B. P.-L. Lee, W. Chen, H. Shi, S. D. Der, R. Forster, and L. Zhang CXCR5/CXCL13 Interaction Is Important for Double-Negative Regulatory T Cell Homing to Cardiac Allografts J. Immunol., May 1, 2006; 176(9): 5276 - 5283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Casati, C. Camisaschi, F. Rini, F. Arienti, L. Rivoltini, F. Triebel, G. Parmiani, and C. Castelli Soluble Human LAG-3 Molecule Amplifies the In vitro Generation of Type 1 Tumor-Specific Immunity. Cancer Res., April 15, 2006; 66(8): 4450 - 4460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Lizee, L. G. Radvanyi, W. W. Overwijk, and P. Hwu Immunosuppression in melanoma immunotherapy: potential opportunities for intervention. Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2006; 12(7): 2359s - 2365s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Ahmadzadeh and S. A. Rosenberg IL-2 administration increases CD4+CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients Blood, March 15, 2006; 107(6): 2409 - 2414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Zhou, C. G. Drake, and H. I. Levitsky Amplification of tumor-specific regulatory T cells following therapeutic cancer vaccines Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 628 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. V. Maker, P. Attia, and S. A. Rosenberg Analysis of the Cellular Mechanism of Antitumor Responses and Autoimmunity in Patients Treated with CTLA-4 Blockade J. Immunol., December 1, 2005; 175(11): 7746 - 7754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-X. Wang, R. Li, G. Yang, M. Lim, A. O'Hara, Y. Chu, B. A. Fox, N. P. Restifo, W. J. Urba, and H.-M. Hu Interleukin-7-Dependent Expansion and Persistence of Melanoma-Specific T Cells in Lymphodepleted Mice Lead to Tumor Regression and Editing Cancer Res., November 15, 2005; 65(22): 10569 - 10577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Hokey, A. T. Larregina, G. Erdos, S. C. Watkins, and L. D. Falo Jr. Tumor Cell Loaded Type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cells Induce Th1-Mediated Tumor Immunity Cancer Res., November 1, 2005; 65(21): 10059 - 10067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Gattinoni, S. E. Finkelstein, C. A. Klebanoff, P. A. Antony, D. C. Palmer, P. J. Spiess, L. N. Hwang, Z. Yu, C. Wrzesinski, D. M. Heimann, et al. Removal of homeostatic cytokine sinks by lymphodepletion enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells J. Exp. Med., October 3, 2005; 202(7): 907 - 912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Ercolini, B. H. Ladle, E. A. Manning, L. W. Pfannenstiel, T. D. Armstrong, J.-P. H. Machiels, J. G. Bieler, L. A. Emens, R. T. Reilly, and E. M. Jaffee Recruitment of latent pools of high-avidity CD8+ T cells to the antitumor immune response J. Exp. Med., May 16, 2005; 201(10): 1591 - 1602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Dudley, J. R. Wunderlich, J. C. Yang, R. M. Sherry, S. L. Topalian, N. P. Restifo, R. E. Royal, U. Kammula, D. E. White, S. A. Mavroukakis, et al. Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy Following Non-Myeloablative but Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With Refractory Metastatic Melanoma J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2005; 23(10): 2346 - 2357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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