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The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 2485-2488.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists

CUTTING EDGE

Cutting Edge: Regulation of T Cell Trafficking and Primary Immune Responses by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1

Hongbo Chi* and Richard A. Flavell1,*,{dagger}

* Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, and {dagger} Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520

Signaling by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) through its receptor S1P1 has recently been shown to promote thymocyte egress. In the periphery, S1P1 is expressed on naive T cells but lost upon T cell activation. To determine the significance of S1P1 down-regulation and function of S1P1 in peripheral T cells, we developed transgenic mice that constitutively express S1P1 in T cells. Mature T cells from these mice exhibited enhanced chemotactic response toward S1P, and preferentially distributed to the blood rather than secondary lymphoid organs. S1P1-transgenic mice showed significant delay in the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and had defective contact hypersensitivity reaction and local Ag-induced responses. These impairments were associated with reduced numbers of Ag-activated T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our studies demonstrate that S1P1 signaling affects systemic trafficking of peripheral T cells and immune responses and highlight that levels of S1P1 expression represent an important mechanism of immune regulation.




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