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* Vaccine Branch and
Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
Effector cells armed with Abs can eliminate virus-infected target cells by Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an immune mechanism that has been largely overlooked in HIV vaccine development. Here, we show that a prime/boost AIDS vaccine approach elicits potent ADCC activity correlating with protection against SIV in rhesus macaques (Macacca mulatta). Priming with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-SIV recombinants, followed by boosting with SIV gp120, elicited Abs with ADCC activity against SIVmac251-infected cells. In vitro ADCC activity correlated with in vivo reduced acute viremia after a mucosal challenge with pathogenic SIV. Our findings expose ADCC activity as an immune correlate that may be relevant in the rational design of an efficacious vaccine against HIV.
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