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VCAM-1 Expression on CD8⁺ Cells Correlates with Enhanced Anti-HIV Suppressing Activity¹

Leyla S. Diaz^*, Hillary Foster^*, Mars R. Stone^*, Sue Fujimura^*, David A. Relman and Jay A. Levy^2,*

^* Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143; and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305

CD8⁺ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing the CD8⁺ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response unexpectedly revealed mRNA for VCAM-1, a cell surface molecule found on endothelial cells. Uninfected subjects had undetectable levels of VCAM-1 mRNA in their CD8⁺ cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that up to 12% of the CD8⁺ cells from HIV-positive individuals expressed VCAM-1 compared with 0.8% of the CD8⁺ cells of HIV-negative individuals. Enrichment of the CD8⁺VCAM-1⁺ cell population and subsequent coculture with CD4⁺ cells acutely infected with HIV-1 showed that the VCAM-1⁺CD8⁺ cells were able to suppress viral replication with 50% less input cells than the unseparated CD8⁺ cell population. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the expression of VCAM-1 on CD8⁺ cells. Moreover, the CD8⁺VCAM-1⁺ cells show enhanced CD8⁺ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response activity that could have clinical importance in HIV infection.

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