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Transcription Factor Tfec Contributes to the IL-4-Inducible Expression of a Small Group of Genes in Mouse Macrophages Including the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor¹

Michael Rehli^2,3,*, Sabine Sulzbacher^2,*, Sabine Pape^*, Timothy Ravasi, Christine A. Wells, Sven Heinz^*, Liane Söllner^*, Carol El Chartouni^*, Stefan W. Krause^*, Eirikur Steingrimsson, David A. Hume and Reinhard Andreesen^*

^* Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Expression of the mouse transcription factor EC (Tfec) is restricted to the myeloid compartment, suggesting a function for Tfec in the development or function of these cells. However, mice lacking Tfec develop normally, indicating a redundant role for Tfec in myeloid cell development. We now report that Tfec is specifically induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages upon stimulation with the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, or LPS. LPS induced a rapid and transient up-regulation of Tfec mRNA expression and promoter activity, which was dependent on a functional NF-B site. IL-4, however, induced a rapid, but long-lasting, increase in Tfec mRNA, which, in contrast to LPS stimulation, also resulted in detectable levels of Tfec protein. IL-4-induced transcription of Tfec was absent in macrophages lacking Stat6, and its promoter depended on two functional Stat6-binding sites. A global comparison of IL-4-induced genes in both wild-type and Tfec mutant macrophages revealed a surprisingly mild phenotype with only a few genes affected by Tfec deficiency. These included the G-CSFR (Csf3r) gene that was strongly up-regulated by IL-4 in wild-type macrophages and, to a lesser extent, in Tfec mutant macrophages. Our study also provides a general definition of the transcriptome in alternatively activated mouse macrophages and identifies a large number of novel genes characterizing this cell type.

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