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1: The Role of Tyrosine 775 in Immune Receptor Signaling
Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health Campus, Bethesda, MD 20892
Phospholipase C
(PLC) is a ubiquitous gatekeeper of calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol-mediated events induced by the activation of Ag and growth factor receptors. The activity of PLC is regulated through its controlled membrane translocation and tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation. Four activation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites have been previously described (Y472, Y771, Y783, and Y1254), but their specific roles in Ag receptor-induced PLC1 activation are not fully elucidated. Unexpectedly, we found that the phosphorylation of a PLC1 construct with all four sites mutated to phenylalanine was comparable with that observed with wild-type PLC1, suggesting the existence of an unidentified site(s). Sequence alignment with known phosphorylation sites in PLC2 indicated homology of PLC1 tyrosine residue 775 (Y775) with PLC2 Y753, a characterized phosphorylation site. Tyrosine 775 was characterized as a phosphorylation site using phospho-specific anti-Y775 antiserum, and by mutational analysis. Phosphorylation of Y775 did not depend on the other tyrosines, and point mutation of PLC1 Y775, or the previously described Y783, substantially reduced AgR-induced calcium, NF-AT, and AP-1 activation. Mutation of Y472, Y771, and Y1254 had no effect on overall PLC1 phosphorylation or activation. Although the concomitant mutation of Y775 and Y783 abolished downstream PLC1 signaling, these two tyrosines were sufficient to reconstitute the wild-type response in the absence of functional Y472, Y771, and Y1254. These data establish Y775 as a critical phosphorylation site for PLC1 activation and confirm the functional importance of Y783.
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