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The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 498-506.
Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists

Acetyl-Boswellic Acids Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated TNF-{alpha} Induction in Monocytes by Direct Interaction with I{kappa}B Kinases1

Tatiana Syrovets, Berthold Büchele, Christine Krauss, Yves Laumonnier and Thomas Simmet2

Department of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany

Expression of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes is tightly regulated by transcription factors such as NF-{kappa}B. In this study, we show that, in LPS-stimulated human peripheral monocytes, the pentacyclic triterpenes acetyl-{alpha}-boswellic acid (A{alpha}BA) and acetyl-11-keto-{beta}-boswellic acid (AK{beta}BA) down-regulate the TNF-{alpha} expression. A{alpha}BA and AK{beta}BA inhibited NF-{kappa}B signaling both in LPS-stimulated monocytes as detected by EMSA, as well as in a NF-{kappa}B-dependent luciferase gene reporter assay. By contrast, the luciferase expression driven by the IFN-stimulated response element was unaffected, implying specificity of the inhibitory effect observed. Both A{alpha}BA and AK{beta}BA did not affect binding of recombinant p50/p65 and p50/c-Rel dimers to DNA binding sites as analyzed by surface plasmon resonance. Instead, both pentacyclic triterpenes inhibited the LPS-induced degradation of I{kappa}B{alpha}, as well as phosphorylation of p65 at Ser536 and its nuclear translocation. A{alpha}BA and AK{beta}BA inhibited specifically the phosphorylation of recombinant I{kappa}B{alpha} and p65 by I{kappa}B{alpha} kinases (IKKs) immunoprecipitated from LPS-stimulated monocytes. In line with this, A{alpha}BA and AK{beta}BA also bound to and inhibited the activities of active human recombinant GST-IKK{alpha} and His-IKK{beta}. The LPS-triggered induction of TNF-{alpha} in monocytes is dependent on IKK activity, as confirmed by IKK-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Thus, via their direct inhibitory effects on IKK, A{alpha}BA and AK{beta}BA convey inhibition of NF-{kappa}B and subsequent down-regulation of TNF-{alpha} expression in activated human monocytes. These findings provide a molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties ascribed to A{alpha}BA- and AK{beta}BA-containing drugs and suggest acetyl-boswellic acids as tools for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.




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