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Differential Regulation of Th1/Th2 Cytokine Responses by Placental Protein 14¹

Galit Mishan-Eisenberg^*, Zipora Borovsky^*, Matthew C. Weber, Roi Gazit, Mark L. Tykocinski and Jacob Rachmilewitz^2,*

^* Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

The potency of TCR signaling during primary CD4⁺ T cell activation influences initial cytokine expression patterns and subsequent polarization toward either Th1 or Th2 subsets. In this study, we demonstrate that the T cell inhibitor placental protein 14 (PP14; glycodelin) preferentially inhibits Th1 cytokine responses and chemokine expression when present during ex vivo priming of CD4⁺ T cells. PP14 synergizes with exogenously added IL-4 in skewing T cell responses. Significantly, PP14 impairs the down-regulation of GATA-3 transcriptional regulator expression that normally accompanies T cell activation, which is a prerequisite for Th1 development. Taken together, these data document for the first time the ability of PP14 to skew Th responses.

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