| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
Many pathogens can establish a lethal infection from relatively small inocula, yet the effect of infectious dose upon CD4 T cell activation is not clearly understood. This issue was examined by tracking Salmonella flagellin-specific SM1 T cells in vivo, after i.v. and oral challenge of mice with virulent Salmonella typhimurium. SM1 T cells rapidly expressed activation markers and expanded in response to high-dose infection but remained completely unresponsive in mice challenged with low doses of Salmonella. SM1 T cells, in these mice, remained unresponsive, despite massive bacterial replication in vivo. Naive SM1 T cells in low-dose Salmonella-infected mice were activated rapidly after the injection of flagellin peptide, demonstrating that these T cells were fully capable of responding, ruling out the possibility of a bacterial-induced suppressive environment. The inability of flagellin-specific SM1 T cells to respond to low-dose infection was not due to Ag down-regulation, because flagellin expression was detected using a functional assay. Together, these data suggest that low-dose Salmonella infection can evade flagellin-specific CD4 T cell activation in vivo.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Albaghdadi, N. Robinson, B. Finlay, L. Krishnan, and S. Sad Selectively Reduced Intracellular Proliferation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium within APCs Limits Antigen Presentation and Development of a Rapid CD8 T Cell Response J. Immunol., September 15, 2009; 183(6): 3778 - 3787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Griffin, D. Baraho-Hassan, and S. J. McSorley Successful Treatment of Bacterial Infection Hinders Development of Acquired Immunity J. Immunol., July 15, 2009; 183(2): 1263 - 1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Srinivasan, M. Nanton, A. Griffin, and S. J. McSorley Culling of Activated CD4 T Cells during Typhoid Is Driven by Salmonella Virulence Genes J. Immunol., June 15, 2009; 182(12): 7838 - 7845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Wolf, L. Desvignes, B. Linas, N. Banaiee, T. Tamura, K. Takatsu, and J. D. Ernst Initiation of the adaptive immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on antigen production in the local lymph node, not the lungs J. Exp. Med., January 21, 2008; 205(1): 105 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Herrada, F. J. Contreras, J. A. Tobar, R. Pacheco, and A. M. Kalergis Immune complex-induced enhancement of bacterial antigen presentation requires Fc{gamma} Receptor III expression on dendritic cells PNAS, August 14, 2007; 104(33): 13402 - 13407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ravindran, L. Rusch, A. Itano, M. K. Jenkins, and S. J. McSorley CCR6-dependent recruitment of blood phagocytes is necessary for rapid CD4 T cell responses to local bacterial infection PNAS, July 17, 2007; 104(29): 12075 - 12080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Srinivasan, R.-M. Salazar-Gonzalez, M. Jarcho, M. M. Sandau, L. Lefrancois, and S. J. McSorley Innate Immune Activation of CD4 T Cells in Salmonella-Infected Mice Is Dependent on IL-18 J. Immunol., May 15, 2007; 178(10): 6342 - 6349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Srinivasan and S. J. McSorley Exposure to LPS suppresses CD4+ T cell cytokine production in Salmonella-infected mice and exacerbates murine typhoid J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2007; 81(2): 403 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. F. Rosenberg Interview with Dr. Stephen J. McSorley and Ms. Aparna Srinivasan regarding Pivotal Advance: Secondary exposure to LPS suppresses CD4+ T cells and exacerbates murine typhoid J. Leukoc. Biol., February 1, 2007; 81(2): 401 - 402. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Tobar, L. J. Carreno, S. M. Bueno, P. A. Gonzalez, J. E. Mora, S. A. Quezada, and A. M. Kalergis Virulent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Evades Adaptive Immunity by Preventing Dendritic Cells from Activating T Cells. Infect. Immun., November 1, 2006; 74(11): 6438 - 6448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Patrone, S. E. Bish, and D. C. Stein TNF-{alpha}-Independent IL-8 Expression: Alterations in Bacterial Challenge Dose Cause Differential Human Monocytic Cytokine Response J. Immunol., July 15, 2006; 177(2): 1314 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Bergman, L. A. Cummings, R. C. Alaniz, L. Mayeda, I. Fellnerova, and B. T. Cookson CD4+-T-Cell Responses Generated during Murine Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Are Directed towards Multiple Epitopes within the Natural Antigen FliC Infect. Immun., November 1, 2005; 73(11): 7226 - 7235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ravindran, J. Foley, T. Stoklasek, L. H. Glimcher, and S. J. McSorley Expression of T-bet by CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Resistance to Salmonella Infection J. Immunol., October 1, 2005; 175(7): 4603 - 4610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Stephens, F. R. Albano, S. Quin, B. J. Pascal, V. Harrison, B. Stockinger, D. Kioussis, H.-U. Weltzien, and J. Langhorne Malaria-specific transgenic CD4+ T cells protect immunodeficient mice from lethal infection and demonstrate requirement for a protective threshold of antibody production for parasite clearance Blood, September 1, 2005; 106(5): 1676 - 1684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
