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* Centre dImmunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Case 906, and
Beckman Coulter-Immunotech, Marseille, France;
INSERM Équipé 0109-Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
INSERM Unité 463, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France; and
¶ Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) CNRS 5164-Composantes Innées de la Réponse Immunitaire et Différenciation (CIRID), Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors are expressed by a subset of memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells. Similar to NK cells, MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors might subserve on T cells an important negative control that participates to the prevention of autologous damage. We analyzed here human CD8+ T cells that express the Ig-like MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors: killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) and CD85j. The cell surface expression of Ig-like inhibitory MHC class I receptors was found to correlate with an advanced stage of CD8+ T cell maturation as evidenced by the reduced proliferative potential of KIR+ and CD85j+ T cells associated with their high intracytoplasmic perforin content. This concomitant regulation might represent a safety mechanism to control potentially harmful cytolytic CD8+ T cells, by raising their activation threshold. Yet, KIR+ and CD85j+ T cells present distinct features. KIR+CD8+ T cells are poor IFN-
producers upon TCR engagement. In addition, KIR are barely detectable at the surface of virus-specific T cells during the course of CMV or HIV-1 infection. By contrast, CD85j+CD8+ T cells produce IFN-
upon TCR triggering, and represent a large fraction of virus-specific T cells. Thus, the cell surface expression of Ig-like inhibitory MHC class I receptors is associated with T cell engagement into various stages of the cytolytic differentiation pathway, and the cell surface expression of CD85j or KIR witnesses to the history of qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinct T cell activation events.
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