| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
* Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany;
Sezione di Patologia Generale e Parassitologia, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy,
Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany;
Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
¶
Institute of Medical Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
More than 150 million humans in tropical countries are infected by filarial nematodes which harbor intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales). These bacteria have been implicated in adverse effects of drug treatment in filariasis. The present study provides evidence that purified major Wolbachia surface protein (rWSP) acts as an inducer of the innate immune system through TLR2 and TLR4: 1) recombinant, stringently purified rWSP elicited the release of TNF-
, IL-12, and IL-8 from cultured blood cells of both Onchocerca volvulus-infected and uninfected people; 2) the inflammatory response to rWSP challenge was TLR2- and TLR4-dependent as demonstrated with TLR-transfected fibroblastoid cells, as well as macrophages and dendritic cells from functional TLR-deficient mice; 3) blood cells of onchocerciasis patients exposed to rWSP also generated down-regulating mediators IL-10 and PGE2 after 6 days of culture; 4) furthermore, rWSP-reactive IgG1 Abs were present in sera of O. volvulus-infected people but not in those of uninfected Europeans. The lack of rWSP-reactive IgE and IgG4 in serum indicated a bias toward a Th1-type adaptive immune response. Abs against rWSP stained endobacteria in living and degenerating adult O. volvulus filariae, tissue microfilariae and host tissue macrophages that apparently had engulfed microfilariae. Thus, filarial helminths, through products of their endobacteria such as WSP, acquire characteristics of a typical microbial pathogen inducing immune responses via TLR2 and TLR4.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Lin, C. Zhang, K. Gibson, and Y. Rikihisa Analysis of complete genome sequence of Neorickettsia risticii: causative agent of Potomac horse fever Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2009; 37(18): 6076 - 6091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Turner, R. S. Langley, K. L. Johnston, K. Gentil, L. Ford, B. Wu, M. Graham, F. Sharpley, B. Slatko, E. Pearlman, et al. Wolbachia Lipoprotein Stimulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity through Toll-like Receptors 2 and 6 to Induce Disease Manifestations of Filariasis J. Biol. Chem., August 14, 2009; 284(33): 22364 - 22378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. He, S. J. Barker, A. J. MacDonald, Y. Yu, L. Cao, J. Li, R. Parhar, S. Heck, S. Hartmann, D. T. Golenbock, et al. Recombinant Ov-ASP-1, a Th1-Biased Protein Adjuvant Derived from the Helminth Onchocerca volvulus, Can Directly Bind and Activate Antigen-Presenting Cells J. Immunol., April 1, 2009; 182(7): 4005 - 4016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. Semnani, P. G. Venugopal, C. A. Leifer, S. Mostbock, H. Sabzevari, and T. B. Nutman Inhibition of TLR3 and TLR4 function and expression in human dendritic cells by helminth parasites Blood, August 15, 2008; 112(4): 1290 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Jordan, M. E. Woods, J. Olano, and D. H. Walker The Absence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in C3H/HeJ Mice Predisposes Them to Overwhelming Rickettsial Infection and Decreased Protective Th1 Responses Infect. Immun., August 1, 2008; 76(8): 3717 - 3724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Gillette-Ferguson, K. Daehnel, A. G. Hise, Y. Sun, E. Carlson, E. Diaconu, H. F. McGarry, M. J. Taylor, and E. Pearlman Toll-Like Receptor 2 Regulates CXC Chemokine Production and Neutrophil Recruitment to the Cornea in Onchocerca volvulus/ Wolbachia-Induced Keratitis Infect. Immun., December 1, 2007; 75(12): 5908 - 5915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Beiting, L. F. Gagliardo, M. Hesse, S. K. Bliss, D. Meskill, and J. A. Appleton Coordinated Control of Immunity to Muscle Stage Trichinella spiralis by IL-10, Regulatory T Cells, and TGF-beta J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 1039 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Hise, K. Daehnel, I. Gillette-Ferguson, E. Cho, H. F. McGarry, M. J. Taylor, D. T. Golenbock, K. A. Fitzgerald, J. W. Kazura, and E. Pearlman Innate Immune Responses to Endosymbiotic Wolbachia Bacteria in Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus Are Dependent on TLR2, TLR6, MyD88, and Mal, but Not TLR4, TRIF, or TRAM J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 1068 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. K. NFON, B. L. MAKEPEACE, L. M. NJONGMETA, V. N. TANYA, and A. J. TREES LACK OF RESISTANCE AFTER RE-EXPOSURE OF CATTLE CURED OF ONCHOCERCA OCHENGI INFECTION WITH OXYTETRACYCLINE Am J Trop Med Hyg, January 1, 2007; 76(1): 67 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Turner, R. S. Langley, K. L. Johnston, G. Egerton, S. Wanji, and M. J. Taylor Wolbachia Endosymbiotic Bacteria of Brugia malayi Mediate Macrophage Tolerance to TLR- and CD40-Specific Stimuli in a MyD88/TLR2-Dependent Manner J. Immunol., July 15, 2006; 177(2): 1240 - 1249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. Porthouse, S. R. Chirgwin, S. U. Coleman, H. W. Taylor, and T. R. Klei Inflammatory Responses to Migrating Brugia pahangi Third-Stage Larvae Infect. Immun., April 1, 2006; 74(4): 2366 - 2372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Gillette-Ferguson, A. G. Hise, Y. Sun, E. Diaconu, H. F. McGarry, M. J. Taylor, and E. Pearlman Wolbachia- and Onchocerca volvulus-Induced Keratitis (River Blindness) Is Dependent on Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Infect. Immun., April 1, 2006; 74(4): 2442 - 2445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Babu, C. P. Blauvelt, V. Kumaraswami, and T. B. Nutman Cutting Edge: Diminished T Cell TLR Expression and Function Modulates the Immune Response in Human Filarial Infection J. Immunol., April 1, 2006; 176(7): 3885 - 3889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Kerepesi, O. Leon, S. Lustigman, and D. Abraham Protective Immunity to the Larval Stages of Onchocerca volvulus Is Dependent on Toll-Like Receptor 4 Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 8291 - 8297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Baldo, N. Lo, and J. H. Werren Mosaic Nature of the Wolbachia Surface Protein J. Bacteriol., August 1, 2005; 187(15): 5406 - 5418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Babu, C. P. Blauvelt, V. Kumaraswami, and T. B. Nutman Diminished Expression and Function of TLR in Lymphatic Filariasis: A Novel Mechanism of Immune Dysregulation J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 1170 - 1176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Johnson, F. P. Heinzel, E. Diaconu, Y. Sun, A. G. Hise, D. Golenbock, J. H. Lass, and E. Pearlman Activation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the Mammalian Cornea Induces MyD88-Dependent Corneal Inflammation Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2005; 46(2): 589 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
