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Depletion of CD4⁺ T Cells during Immunization with Nonviable Listeria monocytogenes Causes Enhanced CD8⁺ T Cell-Mediated Protection against Listeriosis¹

Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany

Immunization of mice with nonviable Listeria monocytogenes generates an insufficient CD8⁺ T cell response and consequently only limited protection against subsequent L. monocytogenes infection. We have recently demonstrated that depletion of regulatory CD4⁺ T cells during immunization significantly enhances CD8⁺ T cell responses. In the present study, we determined the impact of CD4⁺ T cell depletion on the CD8⁺ T cell response against heat-killed Listeria. Treatment of mice with anti-CD4 mAb during boost immunization with heat-killed Listeria significantly increased numbers of Listeria-specific CD8⁺ T cells and improved protection against subsequent infection with L. monocytogenes. During challenge infection, numbers of Listeria-specific CD8⁺ T cells were enhanced, and these cells expressed effector functions in terms of IFN- production. In summary, we demonstrate that combining nonviable L. monocytogenes vaccination and CD4⁺ T cell depletion improves generation of long-lasting and functional Listeria-specific CD8⁺ memory T cells.

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