HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zhao, C. Articles by Tremblay, M. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zhao, C. Articles by Tremblay, M. J.

Leishmania infantum Promotes Replication of HIV Type 1 in Human Lymphoid Tissue Cultured Ex Vivo by Inducing Secretion of the Proinflammatory Cytokines TNF- and IL-1¹

Research Center in Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval Research Center, and Laval University, Québec, Canada

Parasitic infections such as leishmaniasis can modulate the life cycle of HIV-1 and disease progression. Coinfection with HIV-1 and Leishmania has emerged as a serious threat in countries where both pathogenic agents are widespread. Although there are numerous clinical reports illustrating the cofactor role played by Leishmania in HIV-1-infected patients, there is still no information on the contribution of Leishmania to the biology of HIV-1 in human lymphoid tissue that is considered a major in vivo site of virus production. In this study we explored the modulatory effect of Leishmania on the process of HIV-1 infection using ex vivo cultured human tonsillar tissue. We found that the protozoan parasite Leishmania enhances both HIV-1 transcription and virus production after infection of human tonsillar tissue infected ex vivo with viral strains bearing various coreceptor usage profiles. Studies conducted with pentoxifylline and neutralizing Abs revealed that the Leishmania-mediated increase in HIV-1 production was linked to a higher production of TNF- and IL-1. Our findings help to unravel the molecular mechanism(s) through which the two microorganisms interact and provide information that may be useful for the design of more effective therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling disease progression in persons dually infected with HIV-1 and Leishmania. This work also indicates that histocultures of human lymphoid tissue infected by both pathogens represent an ideal experimental cell system to dissect interactions occurring between HIV-1 and an opportunist pathogen in a human microenvironment that approximates conditions prevailing under physiological situations.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. Alvar, P. Aparicio, A. Aseffa, M. Den Boer, C. Canavate, J.-P. Dedet, L. Gradoni, R. Ter Horst, R. Lopez-Velez, and J. Moreno The Relationship between Leishmaniasis and AIDS: the Second 10 Years Clin. Microbiol. Rev., April 1, 2008; 21(2): 334 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Breton, C. Zhao, M. Ouellette, M. J. Tremblay, and B. Papadopoulou A recombinant non-pathogenic Leishmania vaccine expressing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Gag elicits cell-mediated immunity in mice and decreases HIV-1 replication in human tonsillar tissue following exposure to HIV-1 infection J. Gen. Virol., January 1, 2007; 88(1): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Zhao, S. Thibault, N. Messier, M. Ouellette, B. Papadopoulou, and M. J. Tremblay In primary human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, does the increased intracellular growth of Leishmania infantum rely on its enhanced uptake? J. Gen. Virol., May 1, 2006; 87(Pt 5): 1295 - 1302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Maher, Z.-Q. Zhang, T. W. Schacker, and P. J. Southern Ex Vivo Modeling of Oral HIV Transmission in Human Palatine Tonsil J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2005; 53(5): 631 - 642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]