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Is Necessary and Sufficient to Support Efficient Early B Cell Development1
* Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
The B cell receptor complex (BcR) is essential for normal B lymphocyte function, and surface BcR expression is a crucial checkpoint in B cell development. However, functional requirements for chains of the BcR during development remain controversial. We have used retroviral gene transfer to introduce components of the BcR into chicken B cell precursors during embryonic development. A chimeric heterodimer, in which the cytoplasmic domains of chicken Ig
and Ig
are expressed by fusion with the extracellular and transmembrane domains of murine CD8 and CD8, respectively, targeted the cytoplasmic domains of the BcR to the cell surface in the absence of extracellular BcR domains. Expression of this chimeric heterodimer supported all early stages of embryo B cell development: bursal colonization, clonal expansion, and induction of repertoire diversification by gene conversion. Expression of the cytoplasmic domain of Ig, in the absence of the cytoplasmic domain of Ig, was not only necessary, but sufficient to support B cell development as efficiently as the endogenous BcR. In contrast, expression of the cytoplasmic domain of Ig in the absence of the cytoplasmic domain of Ig failed to support B cell development. The ability of the cytoplasmic domain of Ig to support early B cell development required a functional Ig immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. These results support a model in which expression of surface IgM following productive V(D)J recombination in developing B cell precursors serves to chaperone the cytoplasmic domain of Ig to the B cell surface, thereby initiating subsequent stages of development.
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