| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
CUTTING EDGE |
Division of Biological Sciences and University of California San Diego Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is known to participate in the transcriptional induction of chemokines and cytokines, including IFNs, as a result of viral or bacterial infection. In this study, we demonstrate that the LPS-mediated activation of IRF3 and subsequent induction of chemokine genes or IRF3-responsive reporter constructs are inhibited after exposure of human or murine macrophages to the Bacillus anthracis toxin lethal factor. The inhibitory effect is caused by interference with the activation of the stress-activated protein kinase, p38, due to a proteolytic cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, and can be overcome by the ectopic expression of a cleavage-resistant mutant of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 or a constitutively active IRF3. The lethal factor-mediated inhibition of IRF3 activation and subsequent cytokine production through bacterial membrane components offers Bacillus anthracis an efficient mechanism to evade the innate immune response.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. T. Harvill, M. Osorio, C. L. Loving, G. M. Lee, V. K. Kelly, and T. J. Merkel Anamnestic Protective Immunity to Bacillus anthracis Is Antibody Mediated but Independent of Complement and Fc Receptors Infect. Immun., May 1, 2008; 76(5): 2177 - 2182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Sherer, Y. Li, X. Cui, and P. Q. Eichacker Lethal and Edema Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis Septic Shock: Implications for Therapy Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 1, 2007; 175(3): 211 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Chiang, O. Dang, K. Anderson, A. Matsuzawa, H. Ichijo, and M. David Cutting Edge: Apoptosis-Regulating Signal Kinase 1 Is Required for Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Activation of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 by Lipopolysaccharide J. Immunol., May 15, 2006; 176(10): 5720 - 5724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Yasutomi, Y. Ohshima, N. Omata, A. Yamada, H. Iwasaki, Y. Urasaki, and M. Mayumi Erythromycin Differentially Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide- or Poly(I:C)-Induced but Not Peptidoglycan-Induced Activation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., December 15, 2005; 175(12): 8069 - 8076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Comer, A. K. Chopra, J. W. Peterson, and R. Konig Direct Inhibition of T-Lymphocyte Activation by Anthrax Toxins In Vivo Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 8275 - 8281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.-K. Lim, J.-H. Kim, M. S. Oh, S. Lee, S.-Y. Kim, K.-S. Kim, H.-j. Kang, H. J. Hong, and K.-S. Inn An Anthrax Lethal Factor-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Protects Rats before and after Challenge with Anthrax Toxin Infect. Immun., October 1, 2005; 73(10): 6547 - 6551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-N. Tournier, A. Quesnel-Hellmann, J. Mathieu, C. Montecucco, W.-J. Tang, M. Mock, D. R. Vidal, and P. L. Goossens Anthrax Edema Toxin Cooperates with Lethal Toxin to Impair Cytokine Secretion during Infection of Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., April 15, 2005; 174(8): 4934 - 4941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. H. Bergman, K. D. Passalacqua, R. Gaspard, L. M. Shetron-Rama, J. Quackenbush, and P. C. Hanna Murine Macrophage Transcriptional Responses to Bacillus anthracis Infection and Intoxication Infect. Immun., February 1, 2005; 73(2): 1069 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Pickering, M. Osorio, G. M. Lee, V. K. Grippe, M. Bray, and T. J. Merkel Cytokine Response to Infection with Bacillus anthracis Spores Infect. Immun., November 1, 2004; 72(11): 6382 - 6389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. T. Young and A. Dillin MAPping innate immunity PNAS, August 31, 2004; 101(35): 12781 - 12782. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
