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* University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Childrens Hospital, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Immunology Advanced Center on Preclinical Immuno-genomics Institute for Translational Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
Institute of Child Health/Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom;
Infection and Immunity Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Kings College, London, United Kingdom;
Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, and Immunology Advanced Center on Preclinical Immuno-genomics Institute for Translational Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093;
¶ Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Science, Viral Immunology Division, San Diego, CA 92121; and
|| Androclus Therapeutics, Milan, Italy
This study investigates the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells during the clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Persistent oligoarticular JIA (pers-OA JIA) is a subtype of JIA with a relatively benign, self-remitting course while extended oligoarticular JIA (ext-OA JIA) is a subtype with a much less favorable prognosis. Our data show that patients with pers-OA JIA display a significantly higher frequency of CD4+CD25bright T cells with concomitant higher levels of mRNA FoxP3 in the peripheral blood than ext-OA JIA patients. Furthermore, while numbers of synovial fluid (SF) CD4+CD25bright T cells were equal in both patient groups, pers-OA JIA patients displayed a higher frequency of CD4+CD25int T cells and therefore of CD4+CD25total in the SF than ext-OA JIA patients. Analysis of FoxP3 mRNA levels revealed a high expression in SF CD4+CD25bright T cells of both patient groups and also significant expression of FoxP3 mRNA in the CD4+CD25int T cell population. The CD4+CD25bright cells of both patient groups and the CD4+CD25int cells of pers-OA JIA patients were able to suppress responses of CD25neg cells in vitro. A markedly higher expression of CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR, and HLA-DR on SF CD4+CD25bright T regulatory (Treg) cells compared with their peripheral counterparts suggests that the CD4+CD25+ Treg cells may undergo maturation in the joint. In correlation with this mature phenotype, the SF CD4+CD25bright T cells showed an increased regulatory capacity in vitro compared with peripheral blood CD4+CD25bright T cells. These data suggest that CD4+CD25bright Treg cells play a role in determining the patients fate toward either a favorable or unfavorable clinical course of disease.
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