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* South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, San Antonio, TX 78284; Departments of
Medicine and
Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229;
Veterans Administration Center for Research on AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, San Antonio, TX 78229; and
¶ Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and
|| Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712
The complete repertoire of cellular and molecular determinants that influence graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is not known. Using a well-established murine model of GVHD (B6
bm12 mice), we sought to elucidate the role of the donor non-T cell compartment and molecular determinants therein in the pathogenesis of GVHD. In this model the acute GVHD-inducing effects of purified B6 wild-type (wt) CD4+ T cells was inhibited by wt non-T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Paradoxically, unlike the chronic GVHD phenotype observed in bm12 mice transplanted with B6wt unfractionated splenocytes, bm12 recipients of B6ccr2-null unfractionated splenocytes developed acute GVHD and died of IFN-
-mediated bone marrow aplasia. This switch from chronic to acute GVHD was associated with increased target organ infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells as well as enhanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines, chemokines, and the antiapoptotic factor bfl1. In vitro, ccr2-/- CD4+ T cells in unfractionated splenocytes underwent significantly less activation-induced cell death than B6wt CD4+ T cells, providing another potential mechanistic basis along with enhanced expression of bfl1 for the increased numbers of activated T cells in target organs of B6ccr2-/- splenocytebm12 mice. Collectively, these findings have important clinical implications, as they implicate the donor non-T cell compartment as a critical regulator of GVHD and suggest that ccr2 expression in this cellular compartment may be an important molecular determinant of activation-induced cell death and GVHD pathogenesis.
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