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CD8⁺⁺ T Cells That Lack Surface CD5 Antigen Expression Are a Major Lymphotactin (XCL1) Source in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ¹

Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

To better characterize the cellular source of lymphotactin (XCL1), we compared XCL1 expression in different lymphocyte subsets by real-time PCR. XCL1 was constitutively expressed in both PBMC and CD4⁺ cells, but its expression was almost 2 log higher in CD8⁺ cells. In vitro activation was associated with a substantial increase in XCL1 expression in both PBMC and CD8⁺ cells, but not in CD4⁺ lymphocytes. The preferential expression of XCL1 in CD8⁺ cells was confirmed by measuring XCL1 production in culture supernatants, and a good correlation was found between figures obtained by real-time PCR and XCL1 contents. XCL1 expression was mostly confined to a CD3⁺CD8⁺ subset not expressing CD5, where XCL1 expression equaled that shown by ⁺ T cells. Compared with the CD5⁺ counterpart, CD3⁺CD8⁺CD5^- cells, which did not express CD5 following in vitro activation, showed preferential expression of the form of CD8 and a lower expression of molecules associated with a noncommitted/naive phenotype, such as CD62L. CD3⁺CD8⁺CD5^- cells also expressed higher levels of the XCL1 receptor; in addition, although not differing from CD3⁺CD8⁺CD5⁺ cells in terms of the expression of most - and -chemokines, they showed higher expression of CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1. These data show that TCR -expressing lymphocytes that lack CD5 expression are a major XCL1 source, and that the contribution to its synthesis by different TCR -expressing T cell subsets, namely CD4⁺ lymphocytes, is negligible. In addition, they point to the CD3⁺CD8⁺CD5^- population as a particular T cell subset within the CD8⁺ compartment, whose functional properties deserve further attention.

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