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The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 4156-4163.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Blockade of B7-H1 Suppresses the Development of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation 1

Takanori Kanai2,*, Teruji Totsuka*, Koji Uraushihara*, Shin Makita*, Tetsuya Nakamura*, Kazutaka Koganei{ddagger}, Tsuneo Fukushima{ddagger}, Hisaya Akiba§, Hideo Yagita§, Ko Okumura§, Utako Machida{dagger}, Hideyuki Iwai{dagger}, Miyuki Azuma{dagger}, Lieping Chen and Mamoru Watanabe*

* Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, {dagger} Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; {ddagger} Department of Surgery, Yokohama City Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; § Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Immunology, Mayo Graduate and Medical Schools, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905

A newly identified costimulatory molecule, programmed death-1 (PD-1), provides a negative signal that is essential for immune homeostasis. However, it has been suggested that its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-dendritic cells (B7-DC; PD-L2), could also costimulate T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Here we demonstrate the involvement of PD-1/B7-H1 and B7-DC interaction in the development of colitis. We first examined the expression profiles of PD-1 and its ligands in both human inflammatory bowel disease and a murine chronic colitis model induced by adoptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells to SCID mice. Second, we assessed the therapeutic potential of neutralizing anti-B7-H1 and/or B7-DC mAbs using this colitis model. We found significantly increased expression of PD-1 on T cells and of B7-H1 on T, B, and macrophage/DCs in inflamed colon from both inflammatory bowel disease patients and colitic mice. Unexpectedly, the administration of anti-B7-H1, but not anti-B7-DC, mAb after transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells suppressed wasting disease with colitis, abrogated leukocyte infiltration, and reduced the production of IFN-{gamma}, IL-2, and TNF-{alpha}, but not IL-4 or IL-10, by lamina propria CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that the interaction of PD-1/B7-H1, but not PD-1/B7-DC, might be involved in intestinal mucosal inflammation and also show a possible role of interaction between B7-H1 and an as yet unidentified receptor for B7-H1 in inducing T cell activation.




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