The JI
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
 

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Cao, J.
Right arrow Articles by McElrath, M. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Cao, J.
Right arrow Articles by McElrath, M. J.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Substance via MeSH
The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 3837-3846.
Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists

Evolution of CD8+ T Cell Immunity and Viral Escape Following Acute HIV-1 Infection1

Jianhong Cao*,{dagger}, John McNevin*, Uma Malhotra*,{dagger} and M. Juliana McElrath2,*,{dagger},{ddagger}

* Program in Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109; and Departments of {dagger} Medicine and {ddagger} Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195

Induction of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells during acute infection is associated with a decline in viremia. The role CD8+ effectors play in subsequently establishing viral set point remains unclear. To address this, we focused on two acutely infected patients with the same initial Tat-specific CD8+ response, analyzing their CD8+ T cell responses longitudinally in conjunction with viral load and sequence evolution. In one patient initiating treatment during acute infection, the frequencies of Tat-specific CD8+ T cells gradually diminished but persisted, and the Tat epitope sequence was unaltered. By contrast, in the second patient who declined treatment, the Tat-specific CD8+ T cells disappeared below detection, in conjunction with Gag-specific CD4+ T cell loss, as plasma viremia reached a set point. This coincided with the emergence of an escape variant within the Tat epitope and an additional Vpr epitope. New CD8+ T cell responses emerged but with no further associated decline in viremia. These findings indicate that, in the absence of treatment, the initial CD8+ T cell responses have the greatest impact on reducing viremia, and that later, continuously evolving responses are less efficient in further reducing viral load. The results also suggest that T cell help may contribute to the antiviral efficiency of the acute CD8+ T cell response.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
H. Streeck, J. S. Jolin, Y. Qi, B. Yassine-Diab, R. C. Johnson, D. S. Kwon, M. M. Addo, C. Brumme, J.-P. Routy, S. Little, et al.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses during Primary Infection Are Major Determinants of the Viral Set Point and Loss of CD4+ T Cells
J. Virol., August 1, 2009; 83(15): 7641 - 7648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
N. Goonetilleke, M. K.P. Liu, J. F. Salazar-Gonzalez, G. Ferrari, E. Giorgi, V. V. Ganusov, B. F. Keele, G. H. Learn, E. L. Turnbull, M. G. Salazar, et al.
The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection
J. Exp. Med., June 8, 2009; 206(6): 1253 - 1272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
J. N. Blattman, E. J. Wherry, S.-J. Ha, R. G. van der Most, and R. Ahmed
Impact of Epitope Escape on PD-1 Expression and CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Infection
J. Virol., May 1, 2009; 83(9): 4386 - 4394.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
Z. L. Brumme, C. J. Brumme, J. Carlson, H. Streeck, M. John, Q. Eichbaum, B. L. Block, B. Baker, C. Kadie, M. Markowitz, et al.
Marked Epitope- and Allele-Specific Differences in Rates of Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag, Pol, and Nef Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in Acute/Early HIV-1 Infection
J. Virol., September 15, 2008; 82(18): 9216 - 9227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
J. Cao, J. McNevin, M. McSweyn, Y. Liu, J. I. Mullins, and M. J. McElrath
Novel Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape Mutation by a Three-Amino-Acid Insertion in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 p6Pol and p6Gag Late Domain Associated with Drug Resistance
J. Virol., January 1, 2008; 82(1): 495 - 502.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
Y. Liu, J. McNevin, H. Zhao, D. M. Tebit, R. M. Troyer, M. McSweyn, A. K. Ghosh, D. Shriner, E. J. Arts, M. J. McElrath, et al.
Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes: Fitness-Balanced Escape
J. Virol., November 15, 2007; 81(22): 12179 - 12188.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
J. N. Mandl, R. R. Regoes, D. A. Garber, and M. B. Feinberg
Estimating the Effectiveness of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells from the Dynamics of Viral Immune Escape
J. Virol., November 1, 2007; 81(21): 11982 - 11991.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
N. N. Zheng, M. J. McElrath, P.-S. Sow, S. E. Hawes, H. Diallo-Agne, J. E. Stern, F. Li, A. L. Mesher, A. D. Robinson, G. S. Gottlieb, et al.
Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific T-Cell Immunity in Control of Dual HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infection
J. Virol., September 1, 2007; 81(17): 9061 - 9071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Navis, I. Schellens, D. van Baarle, J. Borghans, P. van Swieten, F. Miedema, N. Kootstra, and H. Schuitemaker
Viral Replication Capacity as a Correlate of HLA B57/B5801-Associated Nonprogressive HIV-1 Infection
J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 3133 - 3143.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
M. Lichterfeld, X. G. Yu, S. K. Mui, K. L. Williams, A. Trocha, M. A. Brockman, R. L. Allgaier, M. T. Waring, T. Koibuchi, M. N. Johnston, et al.
Selective Depletion of High-Avidity Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD8+ T Cells after Early HIV-1 Infection
J. Virol., April 15, 2007; 81(8): 4199 - 4214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
B. Li, A. D. Gladden, M. Altfeld, J. M. Kaldor, D. A. Cooper, A. D. Kelleher, and T. M. Allen
Rapid Reversion of Sequence Polymorphisms Dominates Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Evolution
J. Virol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 193 - 201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
H. Horton, I. Frank, R. Baydo, E. Jalbert, J. Penn, S. Wilson, J. P. McNevin, M. D. McSweyn, D. Lee, Y. Huang, et al.
Preservation of T Cell Proliferation Restricted by Protective HLA Alleles Is Critical for Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection
J. Immunol., November 15, 2006; 177(10): 7406 - 7415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
Y. Liu, J. McNevin, J. Cao, H. Zhao, I. Genowati, K. Wong, S. McLaughlin, M. D. McSweyn, K. Diem, C. E. Stevens, et al.
Selection on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proteome following Primary Infection
J. Virol., October 1, 2006; 80(19): 9519 - 9529.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
T. M. Allen, M. Altfeld, S. C. Geer, E. T. Kalife, C. Moore, K. M. O'Sullivan, I. DeSouza, M. E. Feeney, R. L. Eldridge, E. L. Maier, et al.
Selective Escape from CD8+ T-Cell Responses Represents a Major Driving Force of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Sequence Diversity and Reveals Constraints on HIV-1 Evolution
J. Virol., November 1, 2005; 79(21): 13239 - 13249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
T. M. Allen, X. G. Yu, E. T. Kalife, L. L. Reyor, M. Lichterfeld, M. John, M. Cheng, R. L. Allgaier, S. Mui, N. Frahm, et al.
De Novo Generation of Escape Variant-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses following Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
J. Virol., October 15, 2005; 79(20): 12952 - 12960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
F. Bernardin, D. Kong, L. Peddada, L. A. Baxter-Lowe, and E. Delwart
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutations during the First Month of Infection Are Preferentially Found in Known Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes
J. Virol., September 1, 2005; 79(17): 11523 - 11528.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
R. M. Troyer, K. R. Collins, A. Abraha, E. Fraundorf, D. M. Moore, R. W. Krizan, Z. Toossi, R. L. Colebunders, M. A. Jensen, J. I. Mullins, et al.
Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Fitness and Genetic Diversity during Disease Progression
J. Virol., July 15, 2005; 79(14): 9006 - 9018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
B. L. Lohman, J. A. Slyker, B. A. Richardson, C. Farquhar, J. M. Mabuka, C. Crudder, T. Dong, E. Obimbo, D. Mbori-Ngacha, J. Overbaugh, et al.
Longitudinal Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Gamma Interferon Responses during the First Year of Life in HIV-1-Infected Infants
J. Virol., July 1, 2005; 79(13): 8121 - 8130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
C. S. Fernandez, I. Stratov, R. De Rose, K. Walsh, C. J. Dale, M. Z. Smith, M. B. Agy, S.-l. Hu, K. Krebs, D. I. Watkins, et al.
Rapid Viral Escape at an Immunodominant Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Exacts a Dramatic Fitness Cost
J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5721 - 5731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
N. N. Zheng, N. B. Kiviat, P. S. Sow, S. E. Hawes, A. Wilson, H. Diallo-Agne, C. W. Critchlow, G. S. Gottlieb, L. Musey, and M. J. McElrath
Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific T-Cell Responses in HIV-1- and HIV-2-Infected Individuals in Senegal
J. Virol., December 15, 2004; 78(24): 13934 - 13942.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
A. M. Masemola, T. N. Mashishi, G. Khoury, H. Bredell, M. Paximadis, T. Mathebula, D. Barkhan, A. Puren, E. Vardas, M. Colvin, et al.
Novel and Promiscuous CTL Epitopes in Conserved Regions of Gag Targeted by Individuals with Early Subtype C HIV Type 1 Infection from Southern Africa
J. Immunol., October 1, 2004; 173(7): 4607 - 4617.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Virol.Home page
L. Ramakrishna, K. K. Anand, K. M. Mohankumar, and U. Ranga
Codon Optimization of the Tat Antigen of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Generates Strong Immune Responses in Mice following Genetic Immunization
J. Virol., September 1, 2004; 78(17): 9174 - 9189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JEMHome page
B. Combadiere, A. Boissonnas, G. Carcelain, E. Lefranc, A. Samri, F. Bricaire, P. Debre, and B. Autran
Distinct Time Effects of Vaccination on Long-Term Proliferative and IFN-{gamma}-producing T Cell Memory to Smallpox in Humans
J. Exp. Med., June 7, 2004; 199(11): 1585 - 1593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Website Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved.
All Contents Copyright © 2003 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved.