| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
CUTTING EDGE |
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 563, Lymphocyte Interaction Group, Institut Claude de Préval, Toulouse, France
The activation of biological T cell responses requires prolonged contact with APCs and sustained signaling. We investigated whether signaling must be uninterrupted to commit T cells to cytokine production or whether T cell activation may also result from summation of interrupted signals. Upon periodic addition and removal of a src kinase inhibitor, human CD4+ T cells destroyed and re-formed immunological synapses while aborting and restarting signal transduction. Remarkably, under these conditions, T cells were eventually activated to IFN-
production and the amount of IFN- produced was directly related to the total signaling time despite the repeated interruptions. Our results illustrate that T cell activation does not require a stable immunological synapse and can be achieved by interrupted signaling. It is implied that T cells can add activation signals, possibly collected on multiple APCs.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  O. Milstein, S.-Y. Tseng, T. Starr, J. Llodra, A. Nans, M. Liu, M. K. Wild, P. A. van der Merwe, D. L. Stokes, Y. Reisner, et al. Nanoscale Increases in CD2-CD48-mediated Intermembrane Spacing Decrease Adhesion and Reorganize the Immunological Synapse J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2008; 283(49): 34414 - 34422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zheng, B. Jin, S. E. Henrickson, A. S. Perelson, U. H. von Andrian, and A. K. Chakraborty How Antigen Quantity and Quality Determine T-Cell Decisions in Lymphoid Tissue Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2008; 28(12): 4040 - 4051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Esquerre, B. Tauzin, M. Guiraud, S. Muller, A. Saoudi, and S. Valitutti Human regulatory T cells inhibit polarization of T helper cells toward antigen-presenting cells via a TGF-{beta}-dependent mechanism PNAS, February 19, 2008; 105(7): 2550 - 2555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Barcia, K. Wawrowsky, R. J. Barrett, C. Liu, M. G. Castro, and P. R. Lowenstein In Vivo Polarization of IFN-{gamma} at Kupfer and Non-Kupfer Immunological Synapses during the Clearance of Virally Infected Brain Cells J. Immunol., February 1, 2008; 180(3): 1344 - 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Garcia, E. Pradelli, S. Celli, H. Beuneu, A. Simon, and P. Bousso Competition for antigen determines the stability of T cell-dendritic cell interactions during clonal expansion PNAS, March 13, 2007; 104(11): 4553 - 4558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Warmflash, M. Weigert, and A. R. Dinner Control of Genotypic Allelic Inclusion through TCR Surface Expression J. Immunol., November 15, 2005; 175(10): 6412 - 6419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Celli, Z. Garcia, and P. Bousso CD4 T cells integrate signals delivered during successive DC encounters in vivo J. Exp. Med., November 7, 2005; 202(9): 1271 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Obst, H.-M. van Santen, D. Mathis, and C. Benoist Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4+ T cell response J. Exp. Med., May 16, 2005; 201(10): 1555 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Munitic, P. E. Ryan, and J. D. Ashwell T Cells in G1 Provide a Memory-Like Response to Secondary Stimulation J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4010 - 4018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gunzer, C. Weishaupt, A. Hillmer, Y. Basoglu, P. Friedl, K. E. Dittmar, W. Kolanus, G. Varga, and S. Grabbe A spectrum of biophysical interaction modes between T cells and different antigen-presenting cells during priming in 3-D collagen and in vivo Blood, November 1, 2004; 104(9): 2801 - 2809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Blanchard, M. Decraene, K. Yang, F. Miro-Mur, S. Amigorena, and C. Hivroz Strong and Durable TCR Clustering at the T/Dendritic Cell Immune Synapse Is Not Required for NFAT Activation and IFN-{gamma} Production in Human CD4+ T Cells J. Immunol., September 1, 2004; 173(5): 3062 - 3072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Setterblad, S. Becart, D. Charron, and N. Mooney B Cell Lipid Rafts Regulate Both Peptide-Dependent and Peptide-Independent APC-T Cell Interaction J. Immunol., August 1, 2004; 173(3): 1876 - 1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Benvenuti, C. Lagaudriere-Gesbert, I. Grandjean, C. Jancic, C. Hivroz, A. Trautmann, O. Lantz, and S. Amigorena Dendritic Cell Maturation Controls Adhesion, Synapse Formation, and the Duration of the Interactions with Naive T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 172(1): 292 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
