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-Inducible Protein 10, Monokine Induced by IFN-, and IFN--Inducible 
-Chemoattractant for T Cell Chemotaxis Toward Epidermis in Atopic Dermatitis1
* Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland; and
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Activation and skin-selective homing of T cells and their effector functions in the skin represent sequential immunological events in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Apoptosis of keratinocytes, induced mainly by T cells and mediated by IFN-
and Fas, is the essential pathogenetic event in eczema formation. Keratinocyte apoptosis appears as activation-induced cell death in AD. By IFN- stimulation, chemokines such as IFN--inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-, and IFN--inducible 
-chemoattractant are strongly up-regulated in keratinocytes. These chemokines attract T cells bearing the specific receptor CXCR3, which is highly expressed on T cells isolated from skin biopsies of AD patients. Accordingly, an increased T cell chemotaxis was observed toward IFN--treated keratinocytes. Supporting these findings, enhanced IFN--inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-, and IFN--inducible -chemoattractant expression was observed in lesional AD skin by immunohistochemical staining. These results indicate a second step of chemotaxis inside the skin after transendothelial migration of the inflammatory cells. Keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis in acute eczematous lesions release chemokines that attract more T cells toward the epidermis, which may further augment the inflammation and keratinocyte apoptosis.
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