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* Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Inflammation plays an important role in ischemic stroke and in humans IL-10 may have a beneficial effect in stroke. We mucosally administered myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55 peptide to C57BL/6 mice before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to induce an anti-inflammatory T cell response directed at CNS myelin. Nasal and oral administration of MOG35–55 peptide decreased ischemic infarct size at 24 and 72 h after MCAO surgery. Nasal MOG35–55 peptide was most efficacious and reduced infarct size by 70% at 24 h and by 50% at 72 h (p 
0.0001 vs control) and also improved behavior score. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased IL-10 and reduced IFN-
in the area surrounding the ischemic infarct following nasal treatment. Nasal MOG did not reduce infarct size in IL-10-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells to untreated mice from nasally tolerized mice before MCAO surgery decreased stroke size (p < 0.001 vs control), whereas, CD4+ T cells from nasally tolerized IL-10-deficient mice had no effect. Our results demonstrate that IL-10-secreting CD4+ T cells induced by nasal MOG reduce injury following stroke. In addition, we observed a dramatic reduction of CD11b+ cells in nasal MOG-treated animals. CD11b+ cells may contribute to secondary infarct expansion by enhancing NO synthesis that may be reduced by elevated IL-10 levels. Modulation of cerebral inflammation by nasal vaccination with myelin Ags that increase IL-10 in the brain may improve outcome after stroke and enhance mechanisms of recovery.
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