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* Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW Australia;
Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
Department of Medicine, Nepean Hospital, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia
Protective immunity to mycobacterial infections requires activation of the antibacterial mechanisms of infected macrophages. It has previously been reported that ATP treatment of mycobacteria-infected macrophages induces apoptosis mediated via the P2X7 pathway and that this leads to the death of both the host cell and the internalized bacilli. We have recently identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the P2X7 gene (1513A
C), with 1–2% prevalence in the homozygous state, which codes for a nonfunctional receptor. IFN-
-primed, mycobacteria-infected macrophages from wild-type individuals were incubated with ATP and this induced apoptosis and reduced mycobacterial viability by 90%. Similar treatment of macrophages from individuals homozygous for the 1513C polymorphism failed to induce apoptosis and did not lead to mycobacterial killing via the P2X7-mediated pathway. These data demonstrate that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the P2X7 gene can allow survival of mycobacteria within infected host cells.
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