| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of
*
Internal Medicine II and
Anatomy, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are involved in the innate immune response to infection. TLR4 is a model for the TLR family and is the main LPS receptor. We wanted to determine the expression of TLR4 and compare it with that of TLR2 and CD14 along the gastrointestinal mucosa of normal and colitic BALB/c mice. Colitis was induced with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mucosa from seven segments of the digestive tract (stomach, small intestine in three parts, and colon in three parts) was isolated by two different methods. Mucosal TLR4, CD14, TLR2, MyD88, and IL-1
mRNA were semiquantified by Northern blotting. TLR4 protein was determined by Western blotting. TLR4/MD-2 complex and CD14 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. PRR genes were constitutively expressed and were especially stronger in colon. TLR4 and CD14 mRNA were increased in the distal colon, but TLR2 mRNA was expressed more strongly in the proximal colon, and MyD88 had a uniform expression throughout the gut. Accordingly, TLR4 and CD14 protein levels were higher in the distal colon. TLR4/MD-2 and CD14 were localized at crypt bottom epithelial cells. TLR4/MD2, but not CD14, was found in mucosal mononuclear cells. Finally, DSS-induced inflammation was localized in the distal colon. All genes studied were up-regulated during DSS-induced inflammation, but the normal colon-stressed gut distribution was preserved. Our findings demonstrate that TLR4, CD14, and TLR2 are expressed in a compartmentalized manner in the mouse gut and provide novel information about the in vivo localization of PRRs.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Ungaro, M. Fukata, D. Hsu, Y. Hernandez, K. Breglio, A. Chen, R. Xu, J. Sotolongo, C. Espana, J. Zaias, et al. A novel Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist antibody ameliorates inflammation but impairs mucosal healing in murine colitis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): G1167 - G1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X Han, X Ren, I Jurickova, K Groschwitz, B A Pasternak, H Xu, T A Wilson, S P Hogan, and L A Denson Regulation of intestinal barrier function by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b Gut, January 1, 2009; 58(1): 49 - 58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Rodrigues, D. B.C. Queiroz, L. Honda, E. J. R. Silva, S. H. Hall, and M. C. W. Avellar Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) by In Vivo and In Vitro Exposure of Rat Epididymis to Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia Coli Biol Reprod, December 1, 2008; 79(6): 1135 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. C. LaPointe, R. Dunne, G. S. Brown, D. L. Worthley, P. L. Molloy, D. Wattchow, and G. P. Young Map of differential transcript expression in the normal human large intestine Physiol Genomics, October 8, 2008; 33(1): 50 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Liu, L. Nguyen, R. F. Chun, V. Lagishetty, S. Ren, S. Wu, B. Hollis, H. F. DeLuca, J. S. Adams, and M. Hewison Altered Endocrine and Autocrine Metabolism of Vitamin D in a Mouse Model of Gastrointestinal Inflammation Endocrinology, October 1, 2008; 149(10): 4799 - 4808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. J. Albert and J. S. Marshall Aging in the absence of TLR2 is associated with reduced IFN-{gamma} responses in the large intestine and increased severity of induced colitis J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 83(4): 833 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Gribar, R. J. Anand, C. P. Sodhi, and D. J. Hackam The role of epithelial Toll-like receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 493 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Munford Sensing Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: a Human Disease Determinant? Infect. Immun., February 1, 2008; 76(2): 454 - 465. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Voltan, I. Castagliuolo, M. Elli, S. Longo, P. Brun, R. D'Inca, A. Porzionato, V. Macchi, G. Palu, G. C. Sturniolo, et al. Aggregating Phenotype in Lactobacillus crispatus Determines Intestinal Colonization and TLR2 and TLR4 Modulation in Murine Colonic Mucosa Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2007; 14(9): 1138 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chen, J. N. Rao, T. Zou, L. Liu, B. S. Marasa, L. Xiao, X. Zeng, D. J. Turner, and J.-Y. Wang Polyamines are required for expression of Toll-like receptor 2 modulating intestinal epithelial barrier integrity Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): G568 - G576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M M Heimesaat, A Fischer, H-K Jahn, J Niebergall, M Freudenberg, M Blaut, O Liesenfeld, R R Schumann, U B Gobel, and S Bereswill Exacerbation of murine ileitis by Toll-like receptor 4 mediated sensing of lipopolysaccharide from commensal Escherichia coli Gut, July 1, 2007; 56(7): 941 - 948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bogunovic, S. H. Dave, J. S. Tilstra, D. T. W. Chang, N. Harpaz, H. Xiong, L. F. Mayer, and S. E. Plevy Enteroendocrine cells express functional Toll-like receptors Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): G1770 - G1783. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Furuta, T. Kikuchi, S. Akira, N. Watanabe, and Y. Yoshikawa Roles of the small intestine for induction of toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate resistance in naturally acquired murine toxoplasmosis Int. Immunol., December 1, 2006; 18(12): 1655 - 1662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Grabig, D. Paclik, C. Guzy, A. Dankof, D. C. Baumgart, J. Erckenbrecht, B. Raupach, U. Sonnenborn, J. Eckert, R. R. Schumann, et al. Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Ameliorates Experimental Colitis via Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Pathways Infect. Immun., July 1, 2006; 74(7): 4075 - 4082. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Romics Jr, G. Szabo, J. C. Coffey, J. H. Wang, and H. P. Redmond The Emerging Role of Toll-Like Receptor Pathways in Surgical Diseases Arch Surg, June 1, 2006; 141(6): 595 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. de Buhr, M. Mahler, R. Geffers, W. Hansen, A. M. Westendorf, J. Lauber, J. Buer, B. Schlegelberger, H. J. Hedrich, and A. Bleich Cd14, Gbp1, and Pla2g2a: three major candidate genes for experimental IBD identified by combining QTL and microarray analyses. Physiol Genomics, May 16, 2006; 25(3): 426 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Cario, D. T. Golenbock, A. Visintin, M. Runzi, G. Gerken, and D. K. Podolsky Trypsin-Sensitive Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial MD-2 as Mechanism of Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance J. Immunol., April 1, 2006; 176(7): 4258 - 4266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chabot, J. S. Wagner, S. Farrant, and M. R. Neutra TLRs Regulate the Gatekeeping Functions of the Intestinal Follicle-Associated Epithelium J. Immunol., April 1, 2006; 176(7): 4275 - 4283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tuin, A. Huizinga-Van der Vlag, A.-M. M. A. van Loenen-Weemaes, D. K. F. Meijer, and K. Poelstra On the role and fate of LPS-dephosphorylating activity in the rat liver Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): G377 - G385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. F. Ortega-Cava, S. Ishihara, M. A. K. Rumi, M. M. Aziz, H. Kazumori, T. Yuki, Y. Mishima, I. Moriyama, C. Kadota, N. Oshima, et al. Epithelial Toll-Like Receptor 5 Is Constitutively Localized in the Mouse Cecum and Exhibits Distinctive Down-Regulation during Experimental Colitis Clin. Vaccine Immunol., January 1, 2006; 13(1): 132 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Ismail and L. V. Hooper Epithelial Cells and Their Neighbors. IV. Bacterial contributions to intestinal epithelial barrier integrity Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): G779 - G784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Haines III, B. A. Sayed, M. S. Rohrer, V. Olivier, and K. J. F. Satchell Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Proinflammatory Response to Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Deficient in Production of Cholera Toxin and Accessory Toxins Infect. Immun., September 1, 2005; 73(9): 6157 - 6164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Gomariz, A. Arranz, C. Abad, M. Torroba, C. Martinez, F. Rosignoli, M. Garcia-Gomez, J. Leceta, and Y. Juarranz Time-course expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in inflammatory bowel disease and homeostatic effect of VIP J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 78(2): 491 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Cario BACTERIAL INTERACTIONS WITH CELLS OF THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA: TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS AND NOD2 Gut, August 1, 2005; 54(8): 1182 - 1193. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Fazeli, C. Bruce, and D.O. Anumba Characterization of Toll-like receptors in the female reproductive tract in humans Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2005; 20(5): 1372 - 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Abreu, M. Fukata, and M. Arditi TLR Signaling in the Gut in Health and Disease J. Immunol., April 15, 2005; 174(8): 4453 - 4460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Hornef and C. Bogdan The role of epithelial Toll-like receptor expression in host defense and microbial tolerance Innate Immunity, April 1, 2005; 11(2): 124 - 128. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Johnson, F. P. Heinzel, E. Diaconu, Y. Sun, A. G. Hise, D. Golenbock, J. H. Lass, and E. Pearlman Activation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the Mammalian Cornea Induces MyD88-Dependent Corneal Inflammation Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., February 1, 2005; 46(2): 589 - 595. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Pull, J. M. Doherty, J. C. Mills, J. I. Gordon, and T. S. Stappenbeck Activated macrophages are an adaptive element of the colonic epithelial progenitor niche necessary for regenerative responses to injury PNAS, January 4, 2005; 102(1): 99 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Mandell, A. P. Moran, A. Cocchiarella, J. Houghton, N. Taylor, J. G. Fox, T. C. Wang, and E. A. Kurt-Jones Intact Gram-Negative Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter felis, and Helicobacter hepaticus Bacteria Activate Innate Immunity via Toll-Like Receptor 2 but Not Toll-Like Receptor 4 Infect. Immun., November 1, 2004; 72(11): 6446 - 6454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. N. Evans, H. Taylor, D. Zehnder, M. D. Kilby, J. N. Bulmer, F. Shah, J. S. Adams, and M. Hewison Increased Expression of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase in Dysgerminomas: A Novel Form of Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2004; 165(3): 807 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ishihara, M. A. K. Rumi, Y. Kadowaki, C. F. Ortega-Cava, T. Yuki, N. Yoshino, Y. Miyaoka, H. Kazumori, N. Ishimura, Y. Amano, et al. Essential Role of MD-2 in TLR4-Dependent Signaling during Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastritis J. Immunol., July 15, 2004; 173(2): 1406 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Imler and L. Zheng Biology of Toll receptors: lessons from insects and mammals J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2004; 75(1): 18 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
