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Cytokine Polymorphisms Play a Role in Susceptibility to Ultraviolet B-Induced Modulation of Immune Responses after Hepatitis B Vaccination¹

Annemarie Sleijffers^2,*,, Berran Yucesoy, Michael Kashon, Johan Garssen^*, Frank R. De Gruijl, Greet J. Boland^¶, Jan Van Hattum^¶, Michael I. Luster and Henk Van Loveren^*

^* National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and ^¶ Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

UVB exposure can alter immune responses in experimental animals and humans. In an earlier human volunteer study, we demonstrated that hepatitis B-specific humoral and cellular immunity after vaccination on average were not significantly affected by UVB exposure. However, it is known that individuals differ in their susceptibility to UVB-induced immunomodulation, and it was hypothesized that polymorphisms in specific cytokines may play a role in this susceptibility. In this respect, we previously demonstrated that immune responses after hepatitis B vaccination are influenced by the minor allelic variant of IL-1 in the general population. For all volunteers, single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined for the following UV response-related cytokines: IL-1 receptor antagonist (+2018), IL-1 (+4845), IL-1 (+3953), TNF- (-308), and TNF- (-238). Exposure to UVB significantly suppressed Ab responses to hepatitis B in individuals with the minor variant for the IL-1 polymorphism. Increased minimal erythema dose values (just perceptible), which resulted in higher absolute UVB exposures, were observed in the same individuals. There were no associations observed between UVB-induced immunomodulation and the other cytokine polymorphisms examined. This study indicates that individual susceptibility to UVB radiation needs to be considered when studying the effects of UVB in humans.

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