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Reduced Macrophage Recruitment, Proliferation, and Activation in Colony-Stimulating Factor-1-Deficient Mice Results in Decreased Tubular Apoptosis During Renal Inflammation ¹

Deborah M. Lenda^*, Eriya Kikawada^*, E. Richard Stanley and Vicki R. Kelley^2,*

^* Laboratory of Molecular Autoimmune Disease, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461

Kidney tubular epithelial cell (TEC) death may be dependent on the number and activation state of macrophages (M) during inflammation. Our prior studies indicate that activated M release soluble mediators that incite TEC death, and reducing intrarenal M during kidney disease diminishes TEC apoptosis. CSF-1 is required for M proliferation and survival. We hypothesized that in the absence of CSF-1, M-mediated TEC apoptosis would be prevented during renal inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated renal inflammation during unilateral ureter obstruction in CSF-1-deficient (Csf1^op/Csf1^op) mice. We detected fewer M and T cells and less apoptotic TEC in the obstructed kidneys of Csf1^op/Csf1^op mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The decrease in intrarenal M resulted from diminished recruitment and proliferation, not enhanced apoptosis. CSF-1 enhanced M activation. There were far fewer activated (CD69, CD23, Ia, surface expression) M in obstructed CSF-1-deficient compared with WT obstructed kidneys. Similarly, bone marrow M preincubated with anti-CSF-1 receptor Ab or anti-CSF-1 neutralizing Ab were resistant to LPS- and IFN--induced activation. We detected fewer apoptotic-inducing molecules (reactive oxygen species, TNF-, inducible NO synthase) in 1) M propagated from obstructed Csf1^op/Csf1^op compared with WT kidneys, and 2) WT bone marrow M blocked with anti-CSF-1 receptor or anti-CSF-1 Ab compared with the isotype control. Furthermore, blocking CSF-1 or the CSF-1 receptor induced less TEC apoptosis than the isotype control. We suggest that during renal inflammation, CSF-1 mediates M recruitment, proliferation, activation, and, in turn, TEC apoptosis.

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