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Prime Boost Vaccination Strategies: CD8 T Cell Numbers, Protection, and Th1 Bias¹

Tonia Woodberry^2,*, Joy Gardner^*, Suzanne L. Elliott^*, Sonja Leyrer, David M. Purdie^*, Paul Chaplin and Andreas Suhrbier^3,*

^* Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, Australian Center for International & Tropical Health & Nutrition, Brisbane, Australia; and Bavarian Nordic Research Institute, Martinsried, Germany

Vaccination strategies involving priming with DNA and boosting with a poxvirus vector have emerged as a preferred combination for the induction of protective CD8 T cell immunity. Using IFN- ELISPOT and a series of DNA plasmid, peptide, and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine combinations, we demonstrate that the DNA/MVA combination was uniquely able to enhance IFN- secretion by Ag-specific CD8 T cells. However, CD8 T cell populations induced by DNA/MVA vaccination failed to show an enhanced capability to mediate protection in an IFN--independent influenza challenge model. The DNA/MVA vaccine strategy was also not unique in its ability to induce high numbers of CD8 T cells, with optimal strategies simply requiring the use of vaccine modalities that individually induce high numbers of CD8 T cells. These experiments argue that rivals to DNA/poxvirus vaccination strategies for the induction of optimal protective CD8 T cell responses are likely to emerge.

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